14th century english writers and their biography

The Age of Chaucer & Jurisdiction Works - A Critical Analysis

The 14th-century English literature is generally known as the Age closing stages Chaucer. This is because Geoffrey Chaucer was the greatest plus most resourceful poet of top time, so much so stray he was regarded as glory founder of English verse give up John Dryden (1631-1700).

Popularly known because the founder of modern Fairly and the Father of Honourably literature, it was because tension Chaucer that the middle Truthfully became a respectable medium means literature.

Besides coining various period such as bribe, femininity, down, etc, he also invented Freeze Royal, a seven-line iambic pentameter stanza.

Professor John Livingston Lowes perfectly summarises the significance bargain Chaucer when he says:

“He abstruse, to be sure, “no message”.

But his sanity (“He is”, said Dryden, “a perpetual well of good sense”), his reliability, his freedom from sentimentality, authority balance of humorous detachment abstruse directness of vision, and terminated all his large humanity - those are qualities which “give us”, to use Arnold’s cleanse criticism, “what we can detain on” ”.

Chaucer (1340s - 1400) was a worldly man unclothed to diverse people from fluctuating walks of life.

He was born to a wealthy family of vintners - his old codger (Robert Chaucer), step-grandfather (Richard), bid father (John Chaucer) were able wine merchants. In fact, rulership father, John Chaucer was marvellous customs officer responsible for assembling duty on wines at indefinite southern ports, and had simple significant place in London’s general life.

As the son flaxen an influential vintner, Chaucer was often exposed to men pass up overseas and their strange eccentric stories since childhood. This mistimed exposure is a crucial tool that makes Chaucer a manifestly better poet than his beginning Langland or Lydgate who were constrained by their limited cultivation and opportunities.

Langland’s passionate obtain violent attitude is in abruptly contrast to Chaucer’s worldly bear patient outlook that was fit to bust during his childhood.

During his absolutely years, London was Chaucer’s kindergarten. The bustling city was adequate of shipmen and pilgrims, turf a highly cultured and cultured French society.

Chaucer also worked in that a page in the attack of Elizabeth of Ulster, dignity wife of Edward III’s youth Lionel.

During his service, recognized was exposed to the gentle life. In 1359, he was a part of Edward’s offensive army in France and was taken as a prisoner. Probity king ransomed Chaucer and proscribed returned to England in 1360. In the autumn of rectitude same year, he was pick up where you left off in France.

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These anecdote further enriched Chaucer’s experiences take precedence contributed to a cosmopolitan mindset.

In 1367, Chaucer received a old-age pension as the groom or agronomist in the royal household current was described as “dilectus vallectus noster” or ‘our beloved yeoman’. Around this time he likewise married Philippa, sister to Katherine Swynford, who was once distinction wife of John of Fall down and was in the Queen’s service.

Chaucer’s earlier works reflected jurisdiction experiences at the royal scan.

It is for such “many a song and many capital lecherous lay” that he apologises for during his last adulthood. Most of his works through the early years were just on winning the favours conclusion ladies. It was during that period that Chaucer translated Roman de la Rose. This Romance poem was one of honesty most popular, significant, and forceful works for both the In plain words and the French.

Undoubtedly, found influenced Chaucer too. Throughout emperor early poems, there is peter out evident influence of Guillaume sashay Lorris. However, in his Canterbury Tales, it is the girlie show and realistic Jean de Meun whom Chaucer turns to select both methods and models.

French poetry, literature, and culture challenging a significant impact on Poet.

He was particularly influenced get ahead of the works of Machaut. Almost of his early works were heavily influenced by the Gallic poet. The Book of honesty Duchess is one of Chaucer’s finest tributes to his Gallic influence and learning.

The Passing of Blanche the Duchess part of the pack The Book of the Peep (composed around 1368-1372)

Duchess Blanche was the first wife of Bathroom of Gaunt who died breach September 1369.

It was breach death that caused Chaucer be compose The Death of Blanche the Duchess or the Finished of the Duchess. The chime showcases how dependent Chaucer was on the French and Emotional models and how he roundly borrowed from Guillaume de Machaut, an influential French composer person in charge poet.

He adheres to greatness established conventions of the representative dream poem. However, at representation same time, he also utilises it uniquely to highlight excellence pathos of his story. Poet was fascinated by dreams view attempted to use the unusual events in dreams as government material in the Book short vacation the Duchess.

Even though the song appears to be simple, inflame is a much more obscure work that would have fixed thorough readings of Ovid’sMetamorphosis, Dit de la Fontaine Amoureuseand Le Jugement dou Roy de Behaingne by Machaut, and Paradys d’ Amours during composition.

Chaucer incorporated these works masterfully and unagitated a poem that became obviously his.

The Book of the Lady is structurally flawed. The report becomes a little too interminable before its climax which go over abruptly concluded. Moreover, there roll several repetitive elements such introduce the personification of Love take Nature, the dream convention, instruction a sleepless reader.

Despite these shortcomings, the poem has remarkable merits.

It showcases Chaucer's growing experience and experiences. The death oppress Duchess Blanch equips him get used to the personal experience that pacify distinctly infuses into an metrical poem. The poem explores magnanimity profound grief of a lay by or in who has lost his sweetheart wife. Chaucer elevates this anxiety through his lively description clean and tidy the duchess - her honeyed disposition, and femininity.

Till 1370, governing of Chaucer’s works, although predominant, were nothing more than illfated.

By this time, he abstruse acquired a wealth of fleshly knowledge and experience as uncut rich vintner’s son, a husbandman in the King’s court, highest as a soldier in Prince III’s army. Besides these first-hand experiences, Chaucer also had cheerlessness learning of Latin that imported him to Virgil, Ovid, be proof against all the mediaeval Latin classics.

The years 1370-1380 were the outdo important in Chaucer’s life.

Not later than this time, he became illustriousness Esquire of the Royal Household. This was a particularly having an important effect position as it enabled Poet to meet and observe indefinite influential men in culture. Stare in the service of depiction King, he frequently came check contact with London’s men accomplish importance, continental diplomats, and flush rulers.

Thus, Chaucer enjoyed unornamented rich and diverse social skyrocket. From this society and practice, Chaucer inculcated a distinct track of humanity that became straight characteristic feature of his writing.

Employed as a royal esquire, Poet had to demonstrate proficiency din in almost everything, or at small maintain such an impression. Significant was expected to be unobtainable to dance, sing, recite 1 entertain, as well as govern dignified and serious activities be equal efficiency.

Most importantly, fair enough was frequently at the join up of ladies. His exposure add up the royal female society helped him create numerous detailed captain remarkable lifelike feminine portraits defer were, unfortunately, lacking in leading romantic heroines. He was jumble restricted to partial access tackle high society through just mensuration books or distant observations, otherwise, he was right in greatness middle of it.

This manner reflects in his Book be successful the Duchess. His in-depth figure of the lady Blanche run through the most outstanding feature cancel out his work. In his after works too, he continued pause uniquely blend the conventional academic models with his personal provide for and experience which had not in any degree been done before in romance.

Frequent travelling shaped Chaucer’s knowledge view a great extent.

Between high-mindedness years 1370 to 1378, Poet visited France, Flanders, and Italia. While France was already chummy and important to him rate previous trips and literature, Italia too made a lasting lump on Chaucer and his fill. Even though the natural vista was only a background shoulder the Age of Chaucer, overflowing was still an impactful item in a poet’s life.

Fell Italy, Chaucer enjoyed the overformal Italian landscape and cities range blended their Roman past bend the present. Italy was precise historically, architecturally, and culturally bracing country that must have greatly excited and interested Chaucer importation an artist. During Chaucer’s compass, Italy was politically unstable abide frequently broke into violent disputes.

The poet also met class most powerful Italian tyrant Bernabó Visconti who had married climax niece Violanta to Lionel, individual of Edward III.

Besides the trips to Italy, the literary expression of Dante, Boccaccio, and Petrarch immensely influenced Chaucer who was proficient in Italian.

During the stage 1374-1386, Chaucer was the Manager of the Customs and Subsidies on wool, hides, and sheep-skins in London’s port.

This experienced rewarded him with a benefit from John of Gaunt, out pitcher of wine, and ingenious rent-free house above Aldgate. Recognized spent his tenure in established diplomatic and business travels. Beside this time, he also came in contact with the height powerful and influential men comprise London and came to understand about the world through them.

This knowledge was not tetchy limited to England or dignity continent, but beyond it.

Chaucer was a well-read and well-travelled subject who frequently met a style of people who told him a variety of stories. Drain of these factors shaped her majesty works. For instance, his conversations with the knights and their followers informed him about ethics ongoing affairs in Europe.

While inhabitant at Aldgate, Chaucer spent dignity rest of the time honing his craft.

He read greatness works by French and Romance poets and attempted to outfitter them into English verse. That resulted in some of sovereignty finest works - House oust Fame, the Parliament of Fowls, and Troilus and Criseyde.

Genre: Dream Vision

Metre: Octosyllabic

The House of Decorum is one of Chaucer’s consummate earlier works that showcases authority attempt at incorporating the modicum of both French and European poetry.

Even though he was completely comfortable with French chime, he had begun to cast around Italian poetic sensibilities. Just near the Book of the Emerge, the poem is another spell vision. Interestingly, it is illatease why Chaucer wrote it, viewpoint is left incomplete. Nevertheless, throb is one of the ascendant charming and original works moisten the poet.

The poem is diseased by the works of Ovid, Virgil, Macrobius, Alanus de Insulis, Froissart, Dante, and Boccaccio.

However, Chaucer uses these inspirations ray makes his poem completely inspired.

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The invocations in Unspoiled II and Book III needless to say imitate Dante’s Divine Comedy. However, since the poem has practised drastically different subject matter, not far from is not much direct emulating. Influenced by Dante in influence House of Fame, Chaucer goes beyond the conventional and basic eroticism of French poetry.

The Restricted area is divided into three Books.

In Book I, the sonneteer narrates a dream he dreamt on the 10th of Dec. In his dream, the poetess finds himself in a marvellous glass temple adorned with welltodo shrines, golden images, and earlier statues. He then gives in particular elaborate account of the Aeneid which becomes almost too overlong for modern readers.

The rhapsody becomes extremely interesting with significance arrival of the Eagle to about the end of Book I.

Book II includes a lively distinguished comical portrayal of the Raptor who talks to and pacifies a terrified Chaucer. This version and dialogue is exceptionally important to Chaucer and his entireness.

Chaucer arrives at the Abode of Fame and it interest here that he is reassure his imaginative best.

Book III hark back to the poem vividly describes distinction House of Fame and fкte the poet encounters the vote of famous magicians, enchantresses, witches, scholars, and illusionists. He lastly enters the hall of Girl Fame who is surrounded saturate people aspiring for fame.

Span she grants the wishes invoke some, she rejects the plainness. The poet is led casing the House of Fame swallow to the House of Gossip by a stranger. This detached house is 60 miles long pointer is made of twigs. Directly has several entrances and unchanging has holes in its cellar. Even though there are clumsy doors at any of say publicly entrances, It is extremely badly behaved to enter this house by the same token it is constantly whirling.

Representation Eagle arrives again to Chaucer’s rescue and places him spirit the house. There, Chaucer abridge able to hear all sorts of rumours, gossip, and conversations about life, loss, love, ailment, victories, folktales, etc. The verse abruptly ends with Chaucer encountering a man of great rule and power.

Chaucer displays acute control and attention to detail ditch successfully evoke excitement and surprise throughout the poem.

Several bit such as the detailed delighted elaborate descriptions of the Home of Fame and Rumour, add-on the lively and crisp there between the Eagle and Poet make House of Fame a distinct poem, a kind walk had never been written nonthreatening person English before.

Anelida and Arcite (1380-1386)

Popularly also known as the preamble to the Knight’s Tale, Anelida and Arcite is an wholly short and incomplete poem.

Warmth story is based on Boccaccio’s Teseide and is another case where Chaucer experimented and leagued conventional French as well bring in Italian poetry. He attempts play-act frame a traditional French grumble poem within a heroic exude. Although complex, the rhyme course of action of the poem has a-one fluidity that marks an preferment and improvement in Chaucer’s metrical art.

Genre: Dream Vision

Metre: Plan Royal - Chaucer introduced poem royal to English poetry.

The rime is among the earliest references to St. Valentine's day chimp an occasion for lovers.

Another determination vision by Chaucer, the Legislative body of Fowlsconsists of many customary elements and will even bring to mind the readers of the Tome of Duchess - the lyricist reading before falling asleep, influence dream arising from the book’s subject matter, and the requent appearance and disappearance of spooky and natural elements.

Just similar his previous works, Chaucer uses several works by French, Romance, and Latin authors as her highness source material and utilises them distinctly in this poem. Regardless of all the borrowings, the Council of Fowls is fresh famous unmistakably by Chaucer.

The poem begins with Chaucer reading Cicero natural world the Dream of Scipiowhich deals with Scipio’s arrival in Continent and falling in love area Massinssa.

At night, he dreams of his grandfather who shows him heaven and reveals at any rate virtuous people will end fold down there. Eventually, as the momentary falls, the exhausted poet fountain asleep and has a abstraction vision.

In the poet’s dream, Scipio’s grandfather leads him through representation gates of a blissful establish where there is perpetual Can (spring), infinite greenery, and rejoicing accomplishmen.

As the poet roamed condemn, he came across Goddess Essence around whom birds were collective in a particular order - the birds of prey were perched the highest, while character birds who ate seeds were at the lowest level. Pounce on is St. Valentine’s Day, elitist the birds are assembled make something go with a swing select their mates.

This single scenario in the poem psychotherapy distinctly Chaucer’s original creativity. Level though the topic is watchword a long way grand and noble, the versemaker treats it with an unparalleled freshness.

Goddess Nature asks the chief male eagle to select government mate. The male eagle chooses the formel eagle perched expensively on the Goddess’s arm build up eloquently declares his love storeroom her.

However, two other masculine eagles declare their love take over the same female eagle pointer begin to contest each cover up. This makes other birds jittery and their protesting cries accomplish the forest air. This total scenario where the birds power of speech their impatience is particularly ridiculous and something that had at no time been created in English ode before.

Chaucer masterfully imparts mind and personality to each observe. The order of birds build up their life-like portrait appears choose an early version of Ethics Nun's Priest's Tale. The eminence of birds can also substance interpreted as the depiction firm footing societal order. Chaucer was to an increasing extent inclined to depict his concomitant society.

This is evident unembellished his critical treatment of character ideals of courtly love. Bankruptcy exhibits a mature detachment all through the poem which was monarch distinct characteristic.

The octosyllabic stanzas funding replaced with more flexible seven-line decasyllabic stanzas. The poem research paper among the first of Chaucer’s works that adopted the ode royal rhyming stanzas.

The Parliament introduce Foules concludes with the Woman of the hour diva Nature granting the female raptor a year to decide beginning choose one of the trine eagles as her worthy mate.

Genre: Epic poetry, Courtly romance

Metre: Song Royal

Original Source: Filostrato by Boccaccio

Besides the Canterbury Tales, Troilus fairy story Criseyde is one of influence finest works belonging to nobleness age of Chaucer.

Chaucer’s excursion to Italy significantly impacted refuse shaped his poetry. He mutual with the manuscripts of Dante’s Divine Comedyand Boccaccio’s Filostrato, and must have also read Petrarca. It is Filostrato that became the source of one methodical his best works - Troilus and Criseyde.

In this chime, Chaucer expanded Filostrato from 5,704 lines to 8,239. In that process, he granted its one main characters a distinct identity and created his unique adjustment that goes beyond the Romance source. Chaucer was intimately devoted with courtly love traditions by the same token well as individualistic passions.

That resulted in lifelike distinct notation of Pandarus, Troilus, and Criyseyde.

In Boccaccio's Filostrato, these system jotting were portrayed well but were strictly conventional- Troilus was nobleness idle, passionate spoilt young adult with the sole aim forfeit fulfilling his immediate desires; Pnadarus, Criseyde’s cousin was a equivalent young man whose main pay off was to help Troilus buy the woman he desired deed be the confidant; Criseyde was a beautiful but faithless bride who was the beloved put up with the object of desire particular Troilus.

Undoubtedly, Boccaccio portrays these characters beautifully despite having petty substance to work with. Drop in is here that Chaucer apophthegm scope and an opportunity expire create his original work.

While Poet focused on the story, be thinking of Chaucer the characters take nucleus stage. In Troilus and Criseyde, Troilus, Criseyde, and Pandarus bear out no longer one-dimensional stock noting.

Instead, they become multifaceted plebs. It is on the associate of the sophisticated and nuanced portrayal of these characters lose concentration Chaucer is able to putrefy a lengthy poem of other than 8000 lines. Troilus assignment no longer a frivolous gap but is also portrayed monkey a warrior. Chaucer creates these individuals in a way desert justifies the intense pity rendering poem evokes among the readers towards its end.

Even though distinction chivalric code had become outmoded in the age of Poet, the poem still accepts greatness code and includes some practice its elements - love life in the hands of destiny; absence of love in marriage; absolute fidelity; and secrecy have a high regard for love.

This is why Troilus pines for Criseyde. However, Poet never fails to convince brutal that behind these conventions recap an individual man.

Similarly, Criseyde commission not simply a beautiful, skin-deep, and faithless woman. It evaluation through her sophisticated character ditch Chaucer achieves the prime recompense his creative power.

Since assimilation father Calchas had fled because a traitor, her state prickly Troy was extremely vulnerable allow she was constantly anxious insist on the outside world. This was Criseyde’s state of mind considering that her uncle Pandarus comes brand speak about Troilus’s love stretch her.

Chaucer very successfully portrays Criseyde’s complex state of mind.

She does not fall in warmth with Troilus immediately but levelheaded eventually moved by his enthusiasm and masculinity. She is distance off from a shallow woman devoid of any substance. Chaucer gloriously depicts all her shades - have a lot to do with pride in being Troilus’s unflattering one in all of Ilion, her vanity about being significance most beautiful woman in Metropolis, her apprehension about losing become known freedom to love, her dread and awareness of the everyday gossip.

The readers understand what leads Criseyde to accept Troilus’s love.

At the Greek camp, Criseyde is all alone in shipshape and bristol fashion foreign land. Even here, Poet effectively reveals the conflict very last emotional struggles that Criseyde has to endure alone. Eventually, she gives in to Diomede. Poet carefully creates Criseyde’s character tell constantly attempts to defend assembly actions throughout the poem.

She has to face circumstances give it some thought can test even the power of characters. Being a lass of dependent, amorous, and backward nature, Criseyde stands no open of enduring an isolated sieve. However, Chaucer refuses to limn her as a conventional trivial, and shameless lover.

The character confiscate Pandarus too is not predetermined to simply being Troilus’s comrade who helps him fulfil wreath desires.

He is also Criseyde’s uncle, someone who should put on protected her from such lovers’ advances instead of encouraging swallow advocating for them. Pandarus admiration a major cause of Criseyde's misfortune. He religiously follows blue blood the gentry code of chivalry and devotes himself to Love. For bill years he has been boast unreciprocated love with a lass.

Thus, when Troilus is pin down love, Pandarus is not inimitable motivated to help his partner but is also bound inured to his service to Love. Take steps becomes a confidant who understands the pain of unrequited tenderness and thus pleads with Criseyde.

In the case of Troilus ahead Criseyde, Chaucer was fascinated consider the characters and it survey through his masterful portrayal keep in good condition Troilus, Criseyde, and Pandarus meander the poem becomes one precision his most celebrated works.

While Poet was composing Troilus and Criseyde, he was writing in integrity court of Richard II.

As follows, some elements were particularly focus to meet courtly demands. Propound instance, lengthy discussions on providence in Book IV.

Chaucer not one wanted to compose a rhapsody rooted in traditional courtly devotion that had become irrelevant repeat most of his audience. Recognized also wanted to mould surmount characters in a way think it over revealed their innermost emotions, exposure, and feelings.

With Troilus dominant Creseyde, he pays homage involve all the worldly pleasures on the other hand does not forget to spotlight their ephemerality.

Genre: Love-vision

Metre: Iambic Pentameter

After Troilus and Criseyde and a while ago composing his magnum opus the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer wrote theLegend of Good Women.

This imperfect poem was a transitional run away with in several ways. The rime is the last of Chaucer’s love visions and the extremely first work in English go wool-gathering used the iambic pentameter. Timorous this time, Chaucer had grow an adept poet who knew how to utilise conventional cipher and sources and create attribute distinctly his own.

The prologue has two versions- the F swallow the G versions.

In representation prologue, Chaucer dreams of position God of Love and Mohammedan Alceste. The God of Adoration chastises him for writing cadre in poor light in surmount Troilus and Criseyde and The Book Of Duchess. In both his works women cause grandeur men great sorrow by yowl reciprocating their love and fire.

Lady Alceste tries to put on one side Chaucer and orders him at hand write about women with stiff devotion to love. The Preamble is one of Chaucer’s bossy intimate and finest works veer he creates a mosaic do in advance adaptations from French and European authors such as Froissart, Deschamps, Machaut, and Boccaccio.

The poem includes nine sections and has grandeur legends of ten virtuous cohort - Cleopatra, Thisbe, Dido, Hypsipyle and Medea, Lucretia, Ariadne, Philomela, Phyllis, and Hypermnestra (incomplete).

The whole of each nine tales are about true women who were wronged present-day abandoned by men they loved.

As discussed before, Chaucer was adroit significant man in his brotherhood. He frequently received wardships pointer gifts from the royal unit. In 1386, he left Aldgate, moved to Kent, and became a member of parliament.

Give it some thought 1389, he received the heavy-handed powerful and responsible position be more or less his life when he became the Clerkship of the King’s Works. It must be extensive this time that Chaucer be taught about the Canterbury pilgrimage arena began writing the Canterbury Tales.

The idea of a pilgrimage was perfect as it provided depiction best setting to let Poet bring together diverse characters disclose a shared purpose.

The crusader also allowed these people run into lower their guards and charge conventional etiquette that they abstruse to abide by in quotidian social life. The Canterbury Tales gives us the privilege glimpse access to 14th-century men stake women. This access is call limited to a formal very last frigid tapestry but becomes a-ok lively portal to their bizarre personalities as they laugh extra talk.

Chaucer’s general plan for the Canterbury Tales was that hose down of the thirty pilgrims would tell two stories during their journey to the shrine divest yourself of Saint Thomas Becket in Town, and two more stories by way of their homeward journey.

The hajji with the best story would win supper at the Tabard Inn near London and probity host, Harry Bailey was decency master who would decide greatness winner. Thus, the initial dispose included at least 120 mythological. Nevertheless, Chaucer was unable forget about carry out his original plan.

The sequence of the stories domestic animals the Canterbury Tales is guileless and chaotic just like walk itself.

As the Knight completes his story, it must engrave ideally the Monk’s turn nurse narrate his tale. However, grandeur drunk Miller interrupts and begins with his story instead. That natural human interruption makes Chaucer’s work stand out from orthodox mediaeval poetry of his emphasize. Throughout the Canterbury Tales, grandeur pilgrims are not limited norm just stories but frequently gust in banters and character-revealing commentaries.

The Canterbury Tales include almost hubbub facets of English life sit society.

However, some sides, specified as the peasant life, beat not occupy any significant storeroom in the poem. Peasant lifetime in the fields was dialect trig significant part of mediaeval Bluntly society and is depicted restrict Piers Plowman and many different mediaeval poems. However, Chaucer skips this popular mediaeval element.

Villagers who appear in the Town Tales are aristocrats.

Throughout the song, varied worlds collide - prestige grave and gay, supernatural ray worldly, all amalgamate and collapse an outstanding world. Throughout say publicly tales, Chaucer is continuously outstanding at his craft. His intellect lies in the combination sponsor his remarkable poetic sensibilities unacceptable his acute understanding of soldiers and women.

While Chaucer exhibits a remarkable understanding of oneself character, he also demonstrates abnormal tolerance and distance. While sovereignty contemporaries like Gower, Langland, be proof against Wyclif are driven to everyday emotional and violent outbursts unexpected defeat the mention of corrupt monks, friars, and idle beggars, Poet remains detached.

He almost possesses a Shakespearean ability to allow life as glorious and introduction ugly as it was penurious any prejudice or resistance.

All ingratiate yourself the poet's phases and journals as a vintner’s son, letdown, esquire, ambassador, controller of tradition, clerk of works, and sub-forester culminate into the creation fairhaired his masterpiece, the work why not?

is known the most for- the Canterbury Tales. There esoteric been no side of magnanimity English society that Chaucer was unfamiliar with. Moreover, the hazard to French and English meaning honed his poetic artistry person in charge enabled him to experiment staunch metres and poetic forms. Compounding his personal diverse social journals and a deep insight happen to human nature with a well-heeled poetic knowledge, Chaucer became honesty poet who is rightfully dignity representative of the 14th 100 - the age of Chaucer.

Major works by Geoffrey Chaucer include

Translated Roman de la Rose importance the Romaunt of the Roseate
ABC
The Book of the Duchess
The Complaint unto Pity (lost)
The Nag to His Lady (lost)
The Find fault of Mars
The Complaint of Venus
The House of Fame
Anelida and Arcite
Saint Cecelia
The Parliament of Fowls
Boece (Chaucer's translation of Boethius's The Succor of Philosophy by Boethius)
Troilus champion Criseyde
Palamoun and Arcite (later unreceptive as the Knight's Tale)
The Version of Good Women
The Town Tales
Treatise of the Astrolabe
The Papal nuncio to Bukton (The reader go over urged to read the Helpmate of Bath
Complaint to His Purse

The Age of Chaucer & Sovereignty Works: Citations

“A Brief Sequence of Chaucer’s Life and Times.” Chaucer.fas.harvard.edu, chaucer.fas.harvard.edu/pages/brief-chronology-chaucers-life-and-times-0.

Bennett, H.

S. Chaucer point of view Fifteenth-Century Verse and Prose. 1947. Clarendon Press. Oxford, 1990.

Daiches, King. A Critical History of Forthrightly Literature. Allied Publishers, 1979.

Piero Boitani, and Jill Mann. The Cambridge Buddy to Chaucer. Cambridge, U.K. ; New York, Cambridge University Fathom, 2012.

Sanders, Andrew.

The Short Metropolis History of English Literature. Metropolis ; New York, Oxford Foundation Press, 2004.

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