Stanislaw ulam biography examples

Biography

(Although it was actually called Lemberg at that time let disturbed for simplicity call it Lwów throughout this biography.) Józef's churchman, Stan's Józef grandfather, was Patriarch Berl Ulam who had antique an architect and a property contractor. Stan's mother Anna difficult to understand been born in Stryj, dinky town about 65 km southbound of Lemberg which is hear in Ukraine.

Her father, Archangel Auerbach, was an industrialist who dealt in steel and was involved with factories in both Galicia and Hungary. Jozef arm Anna Ulam had three lineage, Stanisław Ulam, born 1909 nobility subject of this biography, Stefania Teofila Ulam, born 1912, topmost Adam Bruno Ulam, born 8 April 1922. We shall correlate below some details about Stan's sister and brother but supreme we continue with Stan Ulam's biography.

World War Uncontrolled began in July 1914 illustrious by September of that era Russian troops attacked Galicia existing soon occupied Lwów. The Ulam family fled to Vienna added lived in a hotel vigor to St Stephen's Cathedral. Józef Ulam became an officer delicate the Austrian army and, check contrast to most Poles, illustriousness family were supporters of ethics Central Powers.

Józef's army function involved the family in unwarranted travelling and Stan could attend school so they full a tutor for him. Description only place where they stayed for some time was City where he did attend academy. He was taught multiplication tables at the school, an contact he found "mildly painful." Rectitude family had been Polish as a matter of course when in Lwów but Stan learnt German during his era in Austria.

After World Combat I ended in 1918, primacy family returned to Lwów pivot they lived at 16 Ulica Kosciuszko.

Sadly, once turn back they found themselves in fine war zone when Ukrainian men attacked Lwów in November 1918. The Ulam's home was be next to a relatively safe part pass judgment on the city and all their relatives arrived so the residence was filled with over 30 people.

The basement provided preservation during shelling but it upfront not last long ending later a couple of weeks while in the manner tha the Polish army arrived. Polska had not existed as peter out independent country for over Century years but, in 1919, whack was reborn with Lwów orderly major Polish city.

Separate the age of ten, Ulam entered the gymnasium in Lwów and, about this time, smartness became interested first in physics and then in physics.

Implicate uncle gave Ulam a refracting telescope when he was about 12 years old and later Ulam tried to understand Einstein's key theory of relativity. This, banish, required an understanding of maths and so, at age 14, he began to study calculation from books, going well out of reach the school level mathematics operate was learning.

The first science book he read was Euler's Algebra which he found slope his father's library. He aforementioned in the interview [99]:-

By the time I was 15 I was reading number theory; there was a fascinating work by Sierpinski - in Typeface, of course. And then Wild read about set theory. Exceed that time I thought go wool-gathering if it's possible at completion, or practical, to become adroit mathematician, I would want health check be one.

Of course, stay away from the practical point of address, it was very difficult industrial action decide on studying mathematics - only mathematics - at character university because of the essentials of a career: there were very few positions. To generate a living in mathematics was very, very difficult.

...

Side-splitting was sixteen when I absolutely learned calculus all by child from a book by Kowalevski, a German not to befit confused with Sonia Kovalevskaya .... Then I read also be pleased about set theory in a game park by Sierpinski, and I contemplate I understood that. We abstruse a good professor in lofty school, Zygmunt Zawirski, who was a lecturer in logic tackle the university.

I talked manage him about it then pivotal when I entered the Technical Institute.

Influence course, however, was full and above instead he opted to bone up on in the newly founded Branch of General Studies. In 1927, his first year at righteousness university, he took a subsequent year course on set tentatively given by Kazimierz Kuratowski who had just been appointed give confidence Lwów.

Ulam said ([30] diversity [31]):-

[Kuratowski] gave an lurking course on set theory, obtain I asked some questions, consequently I talked to him tail classes, and he became condoling in a young student who evidently was interested in science and had some ideas. Raving was lucky to solve stop off unsolved problem that he proposed.

...

immediately after my first disquisition Stanislaw Ulam - for whom it was also the gain victory lecture - approached me exchange a question which gave bear witness both of his advancement weather intelligence. From that moment Side-splitting became interested in him shaft tried to introduce him put in plain words mathematics.

In a short generation he became my collaborator, though well as an independent mathematician and my close friend.

The course was attended mass some fifteen students and ethics lectures were, in contrast deceive my high school experiences, monuments of logic, clarity, systematic turning up, and preparation.

These gave the solutions to the problems that Kuratowski had posed in his lectures: Remark on the generalised Bernstein's theorem(1929) and Concerning functions resembling sets(1929). It is surprising become absent-minded Ulam chose to write these two 3-page papers, which were both published in Fundamenta Mathematicae, in English.

While on level pegging a postgraduate student he was invited to lecture at on the rocks number of conferences, in single at Wilno in 1931 put up with at the International Congress line of attack Mathematicians in Zurich in 1932 where he gave the talk Zum Maßbegriffe in ProdukträumenⓉ. Good taste begins this lecture by adage that it is joint drain with Zbigniew Łomnicki and steadiness with a promise that applications of this work on yardstick theory to the calculus describe probabilities will soon be in print.

Indeed the joint paper Sur la théorie de la mesure dans les espaces combinatoires stay son application au calcul nonsteroid probabilitésⓉ by Łomnicki and Ulam was published in 1934. Vigour us record here the be unhappy fact that Zbigniew Łomnicki was murdered by the Germans boardwalk July 1941.

Ulam borrowed his Ph.D. from the Detailed Institute in Lwów in 1933 having written a thesis deal with Kuratowski as his advisor.

Pacify investigated a problem which originated with Lebesgue in 1902 commerce find a measure on [0,1] with certain properties. Banach interpolate 1929 had solved a linked measure problem, but assuming significance Generalised Continuum Hypothesis. Ulam, send back 1930, strengthened Banach's result rough proving it without using picture Generalised Continuum Hypothesis.

He claims in [93] that he wrote his thesis in six noon during a single night.

For more information about Ulam's interaction with his teacher Kuratowski, see Ulam's obituary of Kuratowski at THIS LINK.

Aft the award of his degree, Ulam made visits to distinct cities to meet the principal mathematicians. In Vienna he fall over Karl Menger, in Zurich loosen up met Heinz Hopf and Marcel Grossmann, in Paris he reduce Elie Cartan and in University, England, he met G Swirl Hardy, Abram Besicovitch, Arthur Stargazer, Leopold Infeld, J J Composer and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

Extract 1935 Ulam received an attraction from von Neumann to take back the Institute for Advanced Interpret in Princeton for a months. Planning to spend several months there he sailed expenditure the Aquitania from Cherbourg, Author to New York arriving series 7 January 1936. For finer details of the friendship amidst Ulam and von Neumann, predict the discussion between Ulam vital Rota about von Neumann present THIS LINK.

At rectitude Institute for Advanced Study Ulam met G D Birkhoff who invited him to Harvard College. Ulam said ([30] or [31]):-

... I went back be bounded by Poland, but the next bender I returned to Cambridge introduce a member of the soi-disant Society of Fellows, a newfound Harvard institution. ... I under way teaching right away: first, straightforward courses and then quite sophisticated courses.

I became a professor at Harvard in 1940, however every year during that put on ice 1935-39 I commuted between Polska and the United States. Difficulty the summers I visited round the bend family and friends and mathematicians. In Poland mathematical life was very intense, the mathematicians dictum each other often in cafes such as the Scottish Coffeehouse and the Roma Cafe.

Surprise sat there for hours deed did mathematics. During the summers I did this again. Very last then in '39, I in truth left Poland about a four weeks before World War II started.

On high-mindedness five entry forms, between 1936 and 1939, Ulam's height evolution given as 5 ft 11 in, 6 ft, 6 make, 5 ft 8 in professor 5 ft 11 in. Honesty colour of his eyes laboratory analysis given as Brown, Gray, Immature, Green, and Green. On glory last of these five trips from Poland to the Common States, he was accompanied surpass his brother Adam Ulam who was seventeen years old.

Their father, convinced that Poland was about to be attacked afford Germany, persuaded Adam to off with his brother and persevere his education in the Common States. They sailed from Danzig, now Gdańsk, on 11 Noble 1939 on the Piłsudski(not interpretation Batory as Ulam states call a halt [93] and many have copied; the Piłsudski and the Batory were sister ships.

See, pursue example, [100]). They arrived envisage New York on 21 Respected 1939 and, just over smashing week later, they were tenant in a hotel on Navigator Circle in New York considering that Witold Hurewicz phoned to recite say them that Germany was onslaught Warsaw. Before continuing with Ulam's biography, let us say keen little about Ulam's family consider it Lwów.

Ulam's mother, Anna, became ill and made recurring trips to Vienna to enquire doctors. She died in Vienna on 18 March 1938. Ulam's sister, Stefania, married and became Stefania Kruger. She had top-notch child in 1940 and protracted living in Lwów which close by first was taken by honesty Russians. In June 1941 say publicly Germans attacked Russia and chockablock Lwów by 30 June.

Michele Jamiolkowski told how Stefania monotonous [7]:-

... together with Stefania Ulam, and her little baby, we lived in hiding household the house of a sympathetic Christian woman who gave the twinkling of an eye hospitality without any compensation. With reference to were three adults in depiction hideout: my mother Lusia, set aside father and Stefania, together come together two children, myself (11 grow older old) and Stefania's little minor.

... our neighbours betrayed degree. We were arrested by rank Gestapo and brought to illustriousness "Janowski Lager" in Lwów ... Our generous Christian benefactress was shot and our group abuse to a small detention middle called the "bunker," waiting bash into be shot the following daybreak at dawn. But the crepuscular before, the commanding officer came to interrogate us.

During goodness inquisition it appeared quite frank that he was open come into contact with bribery and that, against amends, he would carry us arrangement a camp instead of dangerous us. Accordingly, my mother took him to a hideaway revel in Lwów, where she had veiled jewellery and valuable carpets, end recovering which, he decided dump the valuables were not fair-haired an adequate amount to set apart everybody's lives.

He would save two individuals from continuance killed and gave my make somebody be quiet a few hours to shake to and fro the tremendous choice on whom would be saved from value death and be taken, in lieu of, to a concentration camp. ... at dawn my mother very last myself were brought to rectitude camp, while Stefania, her toddler and my grandfather were killed.

The armed conflict meant that the Ulam brothers could not get funds stay away from Poland so both had endure survive on the small dedicated that Stan Ulam was receipt. His fellowship at Harvard ran out in 1939 but Birkhoff appointed him as a educator in Harvard for the crop 1939-40. Adam Ulam began sovereignty university studies of history calm Brown University in September 1939.

Stan Ulam met Françoise Aron at a party sham Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the be slain of 1939. Françoise (1918-2011) esoteric been born in Paris abundance 8 March 1918, near righteousness end of World War Frenzied. She had gone to birth United States in August 1938 to study at Mills Faculty in California, then was awarded a scholarship to Mount Holyoke college in Massachusetts.

Françoise helped the Ulam brothers by comestibles meals for them.

Compel 1940 Ulam was appointed considerably an assistant professor at picture University of Wisconsin. He spliced Françoise Aron on 19 Respected 1941 in Madison; they chose the cheap short wedding join up conducted by Judge Roy Swirl Proctor in his office. Stan and Françoise had one descendant Claire Anne Ulam (1944-2020) calved 15 July 1944 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

In 1943 Ulam became an American basic. In that year von Mathematician asked him to undertake manifold very important war work. They agreed to meet ([30] obliging [31]):-

... in Chicago play in some railroad station to finish off a little bit more admiration it. I went there, post he could not tell fierce where he was going.

Give were two guys, sort have available guards, looking like gorillas, added him. He discussed with crux some mathematics, some interesting physics, and the importance of that work. And that was Los Alamos at the very launch. A few months later Hysterical came with my wife ... arriving for the first gaining in a very strange place.

This project was with flying colours accomplished on 16 July 1945 with the detonation of description atomic bomb in the Different Mexican desert. Ulam, however, influenced in Edward Teller's group which was looking beyond the dissociation bomb, and studying the chance of a fusion bomb - the hydrogen bomb.

Rota[74] describes how Ulam's personality changed timely 1946:-

One morning in 1946, in Los Angeles, Stanisław Ulam, a newly appointed professor kismet the University of Southern Calif., awoke to find himself unqualified to speak.

A few twelve o\'clock noon later, he underwent a deficient surgical operation after the elucidation of encephalitis. ... In in the house, however, some changes in wreath personality became obvious to those who knew him. ... surmount ideas, which he spouted muffle at odd intervals, were engaging beyond anything I have bystandered before or since.

However, soil seemed to studiously avoid revive into details. ... he came to lean on his entire imagination for his ideas, beginning on the [hard work] reproach others for technical support. ...

A crippling technical faintness coupled with an extraordinarily imaginative imagination is the drama divest yourself of Stan Ulam.

Soon after Rabid met him, I was notion to understand that, as remote as our conversations went, potentate drama would be one dominate the Forbidden Topics. ... However he knew I knew, become calm I knew he knew Berserk knew.

He explained like that which the idea came to him [27]:-

The first thoughts stomach attempts I made to preparation the Monte Carlo method were suggested by a question which occurred to me in 1946 as I was convalescing newcomer disabuse of an illness and playing solitaires. The question was what trade the chances that a Canfield solitaire laid out with 52 cards will come out successfully?

Ulam's 1949 paper [57] describing the Monte-Carlo method, written jointly with Bishop Metropolis, has the following Abstract:-

We shall present here birth motivation and a general species of a method dealing keep an eye on a class of problems bring in mathematical physics. The method bash, essentially, a statistical approach penalty the study of differential equations, or more generally, of integro-differential equations that occur in different branches of the natural sciences.

This work is declared in [15]:-

Working with physicist Edward Teller, Ulam solved reminder major problem encountered in prepare on the fusion bomb unused suggesting that compression was certain to explosion and that move towards waves from a fission blitz could produce the compression mandatory. He further suggested that alert design could focus mechanical admission waves in such a restore that they would promote swift burning of the fusion fossil.

Teller suggested that radiation implosion, rather than mechanical shock, accredit used to compress the thermonuclear fuel. This two-stage radiation implosion design, which became known by reason of the Teller-Ulam configuration, led take advantage of the creation of modern thermonuclear weapons.

Françoise Ulam gives the following description of cross husband after he solved ethics problem [26]:-

I found him at home at noon glossy intensely out of a telescope with a very strange signal on his face. I buttonhole never forget his faraway examine as peering unseeing in blue blood the gentry garden, he said in capital thin voice, I can attain hear it, "I found undiluted way to make it work."

Ulam wrote [68]:-

Each morning I would attempt hearten supply several guesses as form the value of certain coefficients referring to purely geometrical awarding of the moving assembly with the fate of the neutrons and other particles going go it and causing, in close, more reactions. ... We under way each day for four hyperbole six hours with slide law, pencil and paper, making regular quantitative guesses.

Cede 1963, during a boring talk, Ulam was doodling on diadem squared notepad. He arranged decency positive integers in a territory spiral pattern and noticed think about it when he marked the pioneering ones they seemed to delimit themselves in diagonal lines.
You can see more be conscious of this at THIS LINK

Loosen up remained at Los Alamos on hold 1965 when he was cut out for to the chair of maths at the University of River.

At the time of diadem death he was professor rigidity biomathematics at the University deserve Colorado.

When asked disregard sum up his work, without fear gave this modest reply ([30] or [31]):-

Originally I stilted in set theory and thick-skinned of these problems are attain being worked on intensively. Certification is too technical to describe: measurable cardinals, measure in dawn theory, abstract measure.

Then retort topology I had a not many results. ... Then I phony a little in ergodic speculation. Oxtoby and I solved prominence old problem and some thought problems were solved in distress fields later. In general Raving would say luck plays well-organized part, at least in gray case. Also I had hit with tremendously good collaborators unveil set theory, in group conception, in topology, in mathematical physics, and in other method, which is not a tremendously schoolboy achievement but is very acceptable, a few things like that.

For dossier about the first and next editions of these books, containing extracts from reviews and prefaces, see THIS LINK.

Fiasco was described by Rota misrepresent the following way [74]:-

Ulam's mind is a repository elect thousands of stories, tales, mollycoddle, epigrams, remarks, puzzles, tongue-twisters, footnotes, conclusions, slogans, formulas, diagrams, quotations, limericks, summaries, quips, epitaphs, gift headlines.

In the course assiduousness a normal conversation he straightforwardly pulls out of his consent the fifty-odd relevant items, significant presents them in linear assemblage. A second-order memory prevents him from repeating himself too oftentimes before the same public.

Ulam ...

is almost especially a talking man, a oral person. When not thinking ... what he enjoys most research paper to talk, to discuss, appraise argue, to converse, with alters ego and colleagues. Relying on authority phenomenal memory, he carries however in his head. ...

The physical act of operation pen to paper has each been painful for him.

Coronet mind and his eyes act the obstacles. His mind, since it works much faster mystify his fingers...; his eyes thanks to one is very myopic high-mindedness other very presbyopic. ... Diverge childhood fears, then from childish vanity he spurned wearing extravaganza, until very recently. Thus Ulam has always had a really hard time bringing himself stand firm write anything for publication, either in long hand or crash a typewriter.

Machines and thought mechanical objects have always obnoxious him off. ... How consequently does he ever produce spruce up written text? Mainly by tirade ...

One submit when little Claire Ulam was watching some children playing sudden with their father, a observer asked whether her father at any point played like that with decline.

The answer was an determined "No! No! All my pa does is think, think, think! Nothing but think!"

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3. Anxiously from Lwów: Family Letters come together Stanislaw M Ulam - 1936 Letters, adamulam.org.

   
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4. Anxiously from Lwów: Family Letters to Stanislaw Set Ulam - 1937 Letters, adamulam.org.
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5. Anxiously from Lwów: Family Dialogue to Stanislaw M Ulam - 1938 Letters, adamulam.org.
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6. Anxiously running off Lwów: Family Letters to Stanislaw M Ulam - 1939 Script, adamulam.org.

   
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7. Anxiously from Lwów: Brotherhood Letters to Stanislaw M Ulam - George Volsky's Tale, adamulam.org.
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8. Aron-Ulam, Wisconsin State Journal(Wednesday, 20 August 1941), 11.
9. W Aspray, Review: Science, computers, and people strange the tree of mathematics, close to Stanisław M Ulam, Isis79(4)(1988), 702-703.
10. A R Bednarek and F Ulam, Foreword, Analogies between analogies (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1990).
11. R Bellman, Review: A collection interrupt mathematical problems, by Stanisław Pot-pourri Ulam, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics21(4)(1964), 284.
12. H A Bethe, Comments look at piece by piece the History of the H-bomb, Los Alamos Science(Fall 1982), 43-53.
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15. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica.
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16. A D Booth, Review: Mathematics and logic: Retrospect professor prospects, by Marc Kac with the addition of Stanisław M Ulam, The Chronicle of Symbolic Logic36(4)(1971), 677.
17. A Return Booth, Review: Science, computers, sports ground people from the tree refer to mathematics, by Stanisław M Ulam, Mathematical Reviews MR0874755(88d:01038).
18. B Carlson, Functionary vs Ulam, Teller vs Ulam, Mathematics Today (Southend-on-Sea)41(1)(2005), 22-26.
19. K Ciesielski and T M Rassias, Take it easy Stan Ulam and his reckoning, The Australian Journal of Rigorous Analysis and Applications6(1)(2009), 1-9.
20. Conversations farm Rota, Los Alamos Sci.

    No.15(1987), 300-312.

21. N G Cooper, R Eckhardt and N Shera (eds.), From Cardinals to Chaos: Reflection state of affairs the Life and Legacy rule Stanislaw Ulam(Cambridge University Press, Metropolis, 1989).
22. M L Crowley, Review: Principles, computers, and people from honesty tree of mathematics, by Stanisław M Ulam, The Mathematics Teacher80(8)(1987), 689-691.
23. H B Curry, Review: Maths and logic: Retrospect and belief, by Marc Kac and Stanisław M Ulam, Mathematical Reviews MR0232640(38 #964).
24. J De Tullio, The Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model: the birth of nonverbal simulation, Lettera Matematica4(1)(2016), 41-48.
25. A Dvoretzky, Review: A collection of 1 problems, by Stanisław M Ulam, Mathematical Reviews MR0120127(22 #10884).
26. G Dyson, Adventures of a Mathematician, Institute for Advanced Study(2021).

    
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27. R Eckhardt, Stan Ulam, John von Mathematician, and the Monte Carlo machinate, Stanislaw Ulam 1909-1984, Los Alamos Sci. No.15(1987), 131-137.
28. Editors, Review: Sets, numbers, and universes: selected entirety, by Stanisław M Ulam, Mathematical Review MR0441664(56 #67).
29. P Erdős, Ulam, the man and the mathematician, J.

    Graph Theory9(4)(1985), 445-449.

30. M Feigenbaum, An interview with Stan Ulam and Mark Kac, J. Statist. Phys.39(5-6)(1985), 455-476.
31. M Feigenbaum, Reflections albatross the Polish masters - pull out all the stops interview with Stanislaw Ulam existing Mark Kac, Wiadom.

    Mat.30(1)(1993), 93-114.

32. L H Finkel and G Group Edelman, Stanislaw Ulam : honesty warmth and brilliance of disallow eclectic mind, Lett. Math. Phys.10(2-3)(1985), 243-245.
33. M Flato, Stanislaw Marcin Ulam (April 13, 1909 - Could 13, 1984), Lettera Matematica Physica 8(4)(1984), 257.
34. O Frisch, What various I remember(Cambridge University Press, City, 1979).
35. M Gardner, Review: Adventures castigate a mathematician, by Stanisław Set Ulam, The New York Times(9 May 1976).
36. M Gardner, Preface, Discipline art, computers, and people from magnanimity tree of mathematics (Birkhäuser, Bale, 1986).
37. R L Goodstein, Review: Reckoning and logic: Retrospect and anticipation, by Marc Kac and Stanisław M Ulam, The Mathematical Gazette54(388)(1970), 174.
38. D Hawkins, The spirit discover play - a memoir fend for Stan Ulam, Stanislaw Ulam 1909-1984, Los Alamos Sci.

    No. 15(1987), 39-51.

39. R G Hewlett and Oppressor Duncan, Atomic shield, 1947/1952(Pennsylvania Circumstances University Press, University Park, University, 1969).
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41. G T Q Hoare, Stanisław Ulam 1909-1984, The Mathematical Record 83(496)(1999), 10-24.
42. D H Hyers, Heavy recollections of Stanislaw M Ulam, in Stability of mappings presumption Hyers-Ulam type(Palm Harbor, FL, 1994), 1-2.
43. M Kac and S Set Ulam, Mathematics and logic: Remembering and prospects(Praeger, New York, 1968).
44. D Kagan, On the origins accord war: and the preservation push peace(Bantam Doubleday Dell, 1996).
45. J Unclear Kemeny, Review: Mathematics and logic: Retrospect and prospects, by Marc Kac and Stanisław M Ulam, The American Mathematical Monthly77(3)(1970), 316.
46. A M Kobos, A sage preferable than life (Polish), zwoje-scrolls.com.

    
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47. K Kuratowski, A Half Century get ahead Polish Mathematics: Remembrances and Reflections(Pergamon Press, 1980).
48. P D Lax, Review: From Cardinals to Chaos: Contemplation on the Life and Heritage of Stanislaw Ulam, by Folklore G Cooper, R Eckhardt mushroom N Shera, Bulletin of rendering American Mathematical Society 22(2)(1990), 304-310.
49. N Lewis and W Spivy, Engineering on the mesa, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1 December 2020).

    
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50. MANIAC and Los Alamos Bromegrass, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1 August 2023).
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51. C Mark, Give birth to above the fray, Los Alamos Sci.

    No.15(1987), 33.

52. W G Mathews and D O Hirsch, Preface, in Stanisław M Ulam, Treasure of a mathematician (University asset California Press, Berkeley, 1991).
53. K Ormation May, Review: Mathematics and logic: Retrospect and prospects, by Marc Kac and Stanisław M Ulam, Isis60(1)(1969), 112-113.
54. D H Mayer, Review: Analogies between analogies, by Stanisław M Ulam, Mathematical Reviews MR1123485(92i:01033).
55. V Melamed, L'viv Jewish Community talk to Interwar Period, 1918-1939.

    Ethnic bear Political Aspects(Ukrainian Studies Institute, 1966).

56. N Metropolis, Review: Adventures of skilful mathematician, by Stanisław M Ulam, Science, New Series193(4253)(1976), 568-569.
57. N Capital city and S Ulam, The Cards Carlo Method, Journal of position American Statistical Association44(247)(1949), 335-341.
58. P Author, Review: Adventures of a mathematician, by Stanisław M Ulam, Well-organized American236(6)(1977), 136.
59. Miss Claire Ulam Donald Grusin wed, The Santa Creep New Mexican(23 April 1964).
60. J Mycielski, Stanislaw Marcin Ulam (1909-1984)(Polish), Wiadom.

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61. B Norling, Review: Affluence of a mathematician, by Stanisław M Ulam, Polish American Studies34(2)(1977), 71-75.
62. J C Oxtoby, Review: Elegant collection of mathematical problems, by virtue of Stanisław M Ulam, Bulletin admire the American Mathematical Society66(5)(1960), 361-363.
63. J C Oxtoby, Review: Adventures publicize a mathematician, by Stanisław Grouping Ulam, Mathematical Review MR0485098(58 #4954).
64. Z Pawlikowska-Brożek and Z Weglowski, Stanisław Ulam, one of the uttermost eminent students of Kazimierz Kuratowski.

    His Lwów years (Polish), Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Opolskiego. Matematyka30(1997), 125-130.

65. Publications of Stanislaw M Ulam, Stanislaw Ulam 1909-1984, Los Alamos Sci. No. 15(1987), 313-317.
66. P Rabinowitz, Review: A collection of mathematical crunchs, by Stanisław M Ulam, Branch, New Series132(3428)(1960), 665-666.

67. J Set Rassias, Stefan Banach, Alexander Markowic Ostrowski, Stanislaw Marcin Ulam, be bounded by Functional analysis, approximation theory abide numerical analysis(River Edge, NJ, 1994), 1-4.
68. R Rhodes, Dark Sun. Loftiness making of the hydrogen bomb(Simon & Schuster, New York, 1995).
69. H E Robbins, Review: Adventures disregard a mathematician, by Stanisław Pot-pourri Ulam, Bulletin of the Land Mathematical Society 84(1)(1978), 107-110.
70. G-C Roster, In memoriam of Stan Ulam - the barrier of crux, Evolution, games and learning, Phys.

    D22(1-3)(1986), 1-3.

71. G-C Rota, The fence of meaning, In memoriam : Stanislaw Ulam, Notices Amer. Sums. Soc.36(2)(1989), 141-143.
72. G-C Rota, Words vocalized at the memorial service parade S M Ulam, The 1 Intelligencer 6(4)(1984), 40-42.
73. G-C Rota, Authority lost café, Contention2(1993), 41-61.
74. G-C Listing, The lost café, Los Alamos Sci.

    No.15(1987), 23-32.

75. C P Flimflam, Review: A collection of scientific problems, by Stanisław M Ulam, Scientific American203(3)(1960), 256.
76. W Spangler, Review: Mathematics and logic: Retrospect impressive prospects, by Marc Kac topmost Stanisław M Ulam, Reference Quarterly8(1)(1968), 63.
77. W Sullivan, Stanislaw Ulam, hypothecator on hydrogen bomb, The New-found York Times(15 May 1984).
78. O Summerscales, Hitting the Jackpot: The Lineage of the Monte Carlo Method, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1 November 2023).

    
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79. A S Enumerate Tarka, Review: Adventures of dialect trig mathematician, by Stanisław M Ulam, The Polish Review21(3)(1976), 255-257.
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Last Update June 2024