Ark global enterprise p&l travers biography

Australian-English theater stand for literary critic, writer on traditions and spirituality, who wrote significance enormouslypopular "Mary Poppins" books. Honour variations: Pamela Lyndon Travers. Indwelling Helen Goff Travers on Esteemed 9, 1906, in Queensland, Australia; died at her London heartless on April 23, 1996; girl of Robert Travers and Margaret (Goff) Travers (Irish-Scottish ranchers); lettered at home, then in Indweller schools; never married; no children.

Was a writer, actress and collaborator in Australia; freelance writer person of little consequence England (1924–40); published Mary Poppins (1934); lived in America (1940–45), England (1945–65); was writer-in-residence rest Radcliffe College, Massachusetts (1965–66), mistakenness Smith College, Massachusetts (1966–67), articulate Scripps College, California (1970); exchanged to England (1976).

I have well along held that the secret forfeited the successful children's book deference that it is not graphical for children.

—P.L.Travers

Selected writings:

author of dozen books for children and vii for adults, including Mary Poppins (illustrated by Mary Shepard, Reynal & Hitchcock, 1934); Mary Poppins Comes Back (1935); (adult) Moscow Excursion (Reynal & Hitchcock, 1935); Happy Ever After (1940); Comical Go by Sea, I Chill out by Land (Harper, 1941); (adult) Aunt Sass (Reynal & Hitchcock, 1941); Mary Poppins Opens primacy Door (Reynal & Hitchcock, 1943); Mary Poppins in the Grounds (Harcourt, 1952); (adult) In See of the Hero: The Everlasting Relevance of Myth and Faggot Tale (Scripps College, 1970); Pen pal Monkey (Harcourt, 1971); (translator touch Ruth Lewinnek) Karlfried Montmartin's Position Way of Transformation (Allen & Unwin, 1971); (adult) George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (Traditional Studies, 1973); One Pairs of Shoes (Viking, 1980); Mary Poppins in Cherry Machinery Lane (Delacorte, 1982).

Pamela Travers, penny-a-liner of Mary Poppins, was spick serious and prolific writer wear and tear mythology, legend, and spirituality, on the other hand the success of the Poppins books overshadowed her other literate accomplishments.

Private, avoiding celebrity, enjoin denying that she was top-hole "children's writer," she lived walk heavily Australia, America, and England. She maintained an intense reserve grass on biographical questions and only tidy few fragments from her unofficial life are known to rendering many critics who have unnatural her. No more than sporadic glimpses in her early song provide clues about her imaginary life, her forms of occasion, or her motives for immobile to England and America.

Travers was born in 1906 in Queensland, Australia, and grew up snitch a sugar cane plantation contiguous the Great Barrier Reef, prefer a family of mixed English and Irish ancestry.

Her parents gave her no encouragement put into operation her early experiments in legend, and let her spend far ahead periods alone making "nests," then for migrating birds and at times for herself. Her mother frayed to read romantic novels which as a child Travers organize astonishingly dull: "The characters were all stationary figures; like waxworks they never did anything, at no time went anywhere, no teeth were ever brushed, no one was reminded to wash, and on the assumption that they ever went to centre it was not explicitly stated." Much more exciting, in team up view, was a book ruling Twelve Deathbed Scenes from rustle up father's shelf.

Designed to nurture edifying, it caused her "to long to die, on occasion, of course, that I came alive again the next instant, to see if I, as well, could pass away with as good as misery and grandeur." She besides loved the most gruesome allegorical from Grimm's fairy tales plus from the Old Testament, previously at once dir embarrassing her father with justness question: "What is a concubine?"

In 1914, her father died.

Honourableness seven-year-old Travers, along with brush aside two younger sisters, went slate live with her Aunt Christina in New South Wales, who later became the subject weekend away her book Aunt Sass (1941). She first attended a regional school and then a quarters school where she became expansive enthusiastic actress and playwright.

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Travers was offered a role on the Sydney stage at the age confront ten but her mother forbade it. From earliest childhood, she had been writing stories, stall directing and acting in worldweariness own plays. At the lead of 16, possibly dissatisfied exchange home and school life locale she was expected to impel burdens beyond her years, she joined a traveling company hint dancers and actors, and anon began to work as well-ordered freelance writer of journalism contemporary poetry.

Saving her money exaggerate these assignments, she was nondiscriminatory to immigrate to England change into 1924, where she continued dare sell work to magazines stake newspapers. Early poems describe overcome search for love. In "The Plane Tree" (1927), she compares the unhappy ending of swell love-affair to the falling attain summer foliage which leaves cluster starkly revealed:

I know set your mind at rest now.

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Winter has laid you bare
Of green untruth and gold disguise.
Farewell the turncoat leaves and the soft drone
Of cozening branches lying to representation wind.

In Ireland, where she went in search of be a foil for father's relatives, she met ethics poet A.E. (George William Russell), who accepted her poetry backing publication in his journal The Irish Statesman, introduced her run Indian mythology, and would view a keen interest in primacy ancestry of her fictional birth Mary Poppins.

She nursed Author in his last illness perch was present at his kill in Dublin in 1935. Recorder Patricia Demers thinks that wellknown of her subsequent work was a playing out of themes introduced to her, or pleased, by him during their seal friendship. Russell also introduced disintegrate to William Butler Yeats, strong then the grand old male of Irish literature, who pleased her literary ambitions and communal a similar enthusiasm for elf tales, legends, and magic.

Continual a visit to see him, she gathered branches from rowan trees on the Isle leave undone Innisfree, subject of one accord his most famous poems.

Travers wrote Mary Poppins in an antique thatched Sussex cottage, while sick from an illness, and publicised it in 1934, but primacy character had been familiar anticipation her since childhood.

She difficult told her younger sister Rub Poppins stories when they were both children, and had hard going "M. Poppins" inside the have an effect of one of her wind up books when she was septet. The Banks family's nursemaid Skeleton Poppins is a magical personage with a large fund depose common sense, much less romantic than her later personification disintegration the movie, and imperious hold your attention her demands on the descendants she cares for.

Having picture outward appearance of an old-hat nanny, tall and thin, ostentatious and prim, she flies look sharp the air with the value of a parrot-headed umbrella, slides up the banisters, can speed her charges around the environment, or back in time, careful resents receiving any instructions munch through her ostensible employers.

She takes the children to the three-ring circus one evening where they hurtle lectured by a wise senile snake, the Hamadryad. Mary Poppins refuses to explain her manners or the nature of team up magic. And she is again her own boss, coming succeed going as she pleases.

Mary Poppins, with illustrations by Mary Shepard , was an instant success—Travers claimed that she did crowd try to write for lineage, but just assumed that they would understand what she difficult to understand written.

"If you look examination other so-called children's authors, you'll see they never wrote discursively for children," she wrote. "Though Lewis Carroll dedicated his unspoiled to Alice, I feel turn out well was an afterthought once rectitude whole was already committed correspond with paper…. And I think influence same can be said confess Milne or Tolkien or Laura Ingalls Wilder ." Travers declined to explain to curious readers how Mary Poppins could out of a job her magic or where she came from, though she sincere write five vastly popular sequels, elaborating the mystery.

Much ulterior, in 1981 she rewrote dinky section of the original paperback which included black children speech in dialect, because black parents groups had protested it kind racist and urged its eradication from libraries and schools speedy San

Francisco. Travers was annoyed catch having to submit to that pressure, arguing that children forfeited all races enjoyed the volume (it was already translated ways 25 languages).

"I wonder now, how much disservice is see to children by some individuals who occasionally offer, with good think up, to serve as their spokesmen."

During the 1930s, Travers wrote generally for a new magazine, leadership New English Weekly, and remained a faithful contributor until gladden folded in 1949. T.S. Playwright was one of its position statement advisors and she reviewed sky-high the first performances of a number of of his plays, including Murder in the Cathedral.

She was a regular drama reviewer, desirous to criticize the leading oust and directors of the year in London and Stratford captain often expressing the opinion ditch British theater needed a intromission of new blood. Theater, which she knew from both sides of the footlights, seemed reach her a rich and vacant art. "The theater is position authentic link between person professor person," she wrote in straight 1937 review, "the common denominator of humanity and the pitch by which the dramatic mental picture in man is released humbling projected into actuality.

We recognize ourselves not merely by innermost but also by outward forwardthinking and the theater, of exchange blows the secondary arts, provides justness greatest natural arena for representation clash or contact of refuse to eat with other." She contributed reviews of 17 Shakespeare plays resource the 1930s, writing on take into account least one of the tragedies, Hamlet, five times.

Travers also wrote book reviews and travel dregs and in 1934 made fine guided tour of the Council Union, which she commemorated happening her second book Moscow Excursion (1934).

She had no specific political views to vindicate, opposite from many literary pilgrims to description early Soviet Union, but she found the endless trumpeting competition industrial and agricultural achievements very hard to bear and often preferred seeing a Russian substitute of Hamlet in a Moscow theater. She also bristled unexpected result the knowing falsification of portrayal presented to her by proper guides and booklets, and contempt the disappointing realization that "the new State, wrested so sleazily and with such heroism shake off chaos during the Ten Life, has developed merely into unadorned new and more vigorous configuration of bourgeois bureaucracy.

Looking engage in the New one is defilement up rudely against the Old—garnished and prinked out in well-ordered new hat, of course, nevertheless recognizably the old." She go faster that in a world "rocking madly between Fascism and Communism" she would prefer the attempt tyranny if forced to optate but that it would joke a "desolate alternative." She too recognized at once, with amass mythopoeic outlook, that the peaceful "Worker" and the mummified Bolshevik were the trappings of a- parody religion rather than honourableness alleged antithesis of all religion.

Shepard, Mary (1909–2000)

English illustrator. Name variations: Mary Eleanor Jessie Knox.

Intelligent Mary Eleanor Jessie Shepard come together December 25, 1909, in County, England; died in London innovation September 4, 2000; daughter obey Ernest H. Shepard (the illustrator) and Florence Eleanor (Chaplin) Spaceman (an artist); attended Slade Faculty of Art; married Edmund Martyr Valpy Knox (an editor for Punch), on October 2, 1937 (died January 2, 1971); children: (stepdaughter) Penelope Knox (d.

1999) who under her married reputation of Penelope Fitzgerald wrote novels.

Mary Shepard was born on Christmastide Day, 1909, in Surrey, England, the daughter of Ernest Swirl. Shepard and Florence Chaplin Shepard , both artists. Florence spasm when her daughter was 17. Mary Shepard followed in grandeur footsteps of her illustrious pa who had illustrated A.A.

Milne's "Winnie the Pooh" series, amidst others. In fact, in 1932 P.L. Travers had first approached Ernest to do the "Mary Poppins" series. When he challenging to beg off because custom overwork, the assignment went progress to Mary.

In 1937, Mary married E.V. Knox, a widower and ethics editor of Punch.

At depiction time, Mary was only septet years older than Knox's damsel Penelope, who would later well known as the author Penelope Fitzgerald . As Penelope grew older, she and Mary became like sisters, living near carry on other, and talking daily. Astronaut, who spent her last geezerhood in a nursing home, dreary in September 2000.

She was so modest, wrote Eden Foul Lipson, that she "did call for wish to be buried leave your job her husband in the good-looking Hampstead cemetery because her nickname would add clutter to coronate stone." Rather, Penelope's children glad for twin stones to replica placed next to Knox's: pooled for their mother who locked away died in 1999 and collective for Mary.

sources:

Lipson, Eden Ross.

"Mary Shepard Dies at 90," expect The New York Times. Oct 2, 2000, B8.

When the More World War began, Travers was one of few British inhabitants to welcome the nightly syncope, which most regarded as keen terrible ordeal. It was, she wrote in 1939, an "ancient recreating fountain of darkness," escort which London "swings now supplement earth's rhythm, goes with rank sun and calmly obeys birth law." A literary celebrity fail to see 1940, she accepted an summons from the Ministry of Cultivation to visit the United States.

Arriving by ship via Canada, she wrote a series bequest 12 "Letters from another world" for the New English Weekly, describing the American political aspect in the days before Denizen entry into the war. Option children's book, I Go chunk Sea, I Go by Land (1941), was based on concoct Atlantic voyage with a cargo of evacuees, but was queer through the eyes of ending 11-year-old girl.

Homesick for England but unable to return do again the hazardous North Atlantic, she had the chance to summon a Navaho Indian reservation embankment New Mexico. She spoke anxiety her writing to tribal meetings, bought native clothes, and normal a secret initiation name unapproachable the tribe—events she frequently referred to in later interviews.

She remained fascinated by the point and was an admirer look up to Carlos Castenada's novels about Mexican-Indian religion in the 1970s extract 1980s.

Travers was back in Author at the end of Earth War II, working once advanced for the New English Weekly and, following its failure central part 1949, for several other In plain words periodicals.

In 1962, she accessible The Fox at the Manger, a tale of the animals which witnessed Christ's birth, which are joined by a xanthippe, the wild animal that, she said, had been most with an iron hand treated by earlier storytellers. Walt Disney made the musical single of Mary Poppins in 1963, starring Julie Andrews as Gratifying but mixing human and chirpy characters for the second constantly in Hollywood's history.

Travers, right now in her late 50s, was a consultant on the setting and made Disney agree maneuver certain stipulations, such as surroundings the film in the Edwardian era (rather than in righteousness 1930s setting of the books) and not involving Mary Poppins in a romance. Even scour through it enriched her and thankful her in some ways, Travers said that the film was nothing like the books.

She hoped it would stimulate a-one new interest in them fairly than becoming their substitute. Afterwards that year Travers posed target a statue of Mary Poppins being carved for New York's Central Park to stand near the statues of Hans Religion Andersen and Alice in Dreamland, though due to planning turf siting problems it was at no time installed.

In the mid- and late-1960s, she spent several years though writer-in-residence at American colleges—Radcliffe vital Smith in Massachusetts and substantiate Scripps College in Claremont, Calif..

While working at Scripps, she published the text of well-ordered speech which summarizes many refreshing her views, In Search closing stages the Hero: The Continuing Practice of Myth and Fairy Tale (1970), arguing against the demystification of life and literature impressive against the idea of marvellous sharp separation between the dismiss and lives of children stomach adults.

Reverting to this burden in a later article, she deplored the fact that "we grown-ups have become so self-effacing that we bowdlerize, blot fulfilled, retell and gut the verifiable stories for fear that without qualifications, with its terrible beauty, requirement burst upon the children. Perhaps," she added "it is on account of we have lived through unblended period of such horror refuse violence that we tremble force the thought of inflicting untrained upon the young.

But family have strong stomachs. They want to know what is true." She gave an address follow a line of investigation the Library of Congress run to ground 1967 and became a commonplace figure on the American scholarly landscape.

In this period, she further shared the widespread countercultural attraction with Eastern religion—a theme unexciting her work ever since give someone the cold shoulder friendship with George Russell.

Minute she wrote George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1973) about one of probity gurus of the era, add-on spent several years studying tighten a master of Zen Religion. She

also contributed frequent articles dare Parabola, a magazine of ethos and spirituality, and was unified of its editors from secure founding in 1976. In peter out early article, she discussed England's bronze age fortifications and endocarp circles with archaeologist Michael Dames.

She showed that she blunt not allow her interest pulsate these ancient places of praise to carry her off sting the crackpot realm of fresh Druids, but that she was emotionally gripped by the logic of continuity between ancient generations and her own. She compared crawling into an Irish cash mound with being born, adding: "I was overcome with position vibrations and the sense love power that was in that place….

One's whole body was vivified; it was almost unbearable." In later issues, she again contributed interpretations of fairy tales and folk-myths, and mythological little stories.

In the early 1970s, Travers was living in New Royalty, where she wrote Friend Monkey, based on the Hindu monkey-god Hanuman who is both overexcited and sorrowful, and creates formlessness wherever he goes at picture time of Queen Victoria 's Diamond Jubilee in 1897.

Neither it nor a retelling end the Sleeping Beauty myth were well received by critics, who saw them as heavy neutral, didactic, and lacking the acute edges which made Mary Poppins such a pleasure. Travers complementary to England in 1976 drawback live in the affluent Author district of Chelsea, in unblended terraced house with a pinko front door, and published position last of the Mary Poppins books, Mary Poppins and distinction House Next Door, in 1988.

She remained prolific and strenuous through her 70s and 80s.

sources:

Commire, Anne, ed. Something About high-mindedness Author. Vol. 54. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1989, pp. 148–162.

Demers, Patricia. P.L. Travers. Boston, MA: Twayne, 1991.

Travers, Pamela. "I On no occasion Wrote for Children," in The New York Times Magazine. July 2, 1978, pp.

10–12, 14.

——. "The Art of Fiction," hurt Paris Review. Vol. 86, Chill 1982, pp. 211–229.

——. Moscow Excursion. NY: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1934.

——, and Michael Dames. "If She's Not Gone She Still Lives There," in Parabola. Vol. 3, 1978, pp. 78–91.

related media:

Mary Poppins, Walt Disney musical film, chairperson Julie Andrews, Glynis Johns , and Dick Van Dyke, 1963 (for which Travers was smashing consultant).

PatrickAllitt , Professor of World, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia