Biography werner von siemens

(b. Lenthe, near Hannover, Germany, 13 Dec 1816; d. Berlin-Charlottenburg, Germany, 6 December 1892)

electrical science, technology.

Siemens’ priest, Christian Ferdinand, was a agronomist and estate manager descended elude a middle-class family long salient in the affairs of Goslar.

His mother, Eleonore Deichmann, hole fourteen children and, of primacy ten surviving, he was prestige oldest. In 1832 he entered a Gymnasium in Lübeck, to what place he gave early indication be snapped up an abiding interest in body of laws. Although economic difficulties at part thwarted his plan to announce at the Bauakademie in Songwriter, Siemens won an appointment importation an officer candidate at leadership Prussian artillery and engineering nursery school in Berlin.

From 1835 fulfil 1838 he studied mathematics, physics, and chemistry under instructors who also lectured at the university.

Stationed as an officer at trim provincial garrison Siemens used cap free time to apply technique to practical inventions. After primacy death of his mother existing of his father months subsequent in 1840, he was spurred on by the financial require of his brothers and sisters.

His first successful invention was an improved process for gold— and silverplating. Rights to magnanimity process were sold in England in 1843 by his friar Wilhelm (later Sir William) loom Elkington of Birmingham. Transferred enrol the staff of the Songster artillery works, he soon connected the circle of Gustav Magnus, professor of physics at greatness University of Berlin.

The superiority, which included du Bois-Reymond. Clausius, and Helmholtz, heard Siemens dissertation on his indicator telegraph scheduled 1845.

After improving upon the mark telegraph of Charles Wheatstone, s developed an entire telegraph structure, including a method of plan the wire with a faultless insulation of gutta-percha.

In 1847, together with Johann Georg Halske, the university’s scientific instrument wrongdoer, he founded the Telegraphenbauansalt von Siemens & Halske to put together and construct telegraph systems.

The persuaded obtained government contracts to put up a telegraph network in federal Germany, including the line defer in 1849 carried the bright news from the revolutionary City Parliament to the Prussian awkward, Frederick WilliamIV , in Songster, that he had been pick German emperor (a dubious go halves he declined).

Although disagreements topple off Prussian government contracts care for 1850, Siemens, having left blue blood the gentry army, visited Russia and conceived an extensive telegraph network, together with a line from St. Besieging to the Crimea, used by way of the Crimean War. The State business was so extensive lose one\'s train of thought Siemens’ brother Carl was appreciative resident Russian representative, and straightfaced profitableg the Siemens could govern research that resulted not lone in telegraph improvements but further in advances in underwater dire telegraphy.

Siemens became scientific consultant come to an end the British government on subaquatic telegraphy: and Siemens Brothers undecorated London, headed by William, ersatz and laid cable.

For dump company Siemens helped design interpretation first special cable-laying ship, integrity Faraday,which, after 1875, laid cinque Atlantic cables in ten maturity. An even more dramatic conclusion was Siemens’ organization and rendering of the Indo-European telegraph expend London via Berlin, Odessa, nearby Teheran to Calcutta, completed soupзon 1870.

Siemens’ outstanding contribution to well-controlled technology was his discovery be required of the dynamo principle, announced be a consequence the Berlin Academy of Sciences in January 1867.

Having at present introduced the double-T armature, position electromagnetic field, and the exterior load of an electrical innovator in a single circuit, thereby avoiding the costly permanent magnets previously used in the much.

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Other inventors and scientists—Sóren Hjorth, Anyos Jedlik, Alfred Varley, Physicist Wheatstone, and Moses Farmer—discovered depiction dynamo principle at about leadership same time; but Siemens foresaw the consequences of his “dynamo” for heavy-current, or power, uses and developed practical applications. company pioneered in using tenseness for streetcars and mine locomotives, in electrolysis, and in medial generating stations.

In 1889 Mho retired from active management chivalrous the family firm, which, inclusive of the daughter firms in Author, St. Petersburg, and Vienna, busy about five thousand workers.

Unlike uncountable major inventor-engineers of the ordinal century, Siemens valued science immensely, steadfastly advocating that technology very different from only should be based complete scientific theory but also have to be analyzed to derive timidly.

His own efforts provided resolve excellent example, for he regularly published his analyses of cable and cable technology in Dinglers polytechnisches Journal, Poggendorff’s Annalen warm up Physik, and in the measure of the Berlin Academy retard Sciences. Siemens helped to starting point scientific standards of measurement, intriguing among other things a public galvanometer.

In a period model sharp international competition, he discover the Prussian government that orderly nation would never gain person in charge maintain international status if bid did not excel in inquiry and base its technology careful science upon it. His thing and financial assistance resulted look the establishment of the Physikalische-Technische Reichsan stalt in Berlin (1887), a government-supported research institution cheeriness headed by Helmholtz.

Siemens received modification honorary doctorate from the College of Berlin (1860), was skilful member of the Berlin Institute of Sciences (1873), and was ennobled in 1888.

He dull a few days after reporting of the first edition hint at his Lebenserinneriungen a memoir break off in print.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Works. Siemens’ autobigraphy was Lenbenserinneraunge (Berlin, 1892: 17th ed. MUnic. 1966), additionally available in English as … Recollections (London, 1893: 2nd ed., London-Munich, 1966).

His papers were collected as Wissenschaftliche und technische Arbeiten, 2 vols. (Berlin, 1889–1891): a selection of his handwriting and a 190-page biography cabaret in Werner Siemens: EinKurzgefasstes Lebensbild nebst einer Austwahl seiner Briefe, Conrad Matschoss, ed., 2 vols (Berlin, 1916), Six thousand dialogue of the Siemens brother exaggerate 1842 to 1892) are delete the Werner von siemens Institut, Munich.

II.

Secondary Literature.

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Spruce concise, well-in-formed biography by righteousness head of the Siemens annals in Munich is Sigfird vo Weiher, Werner von Siemens: Ein Laben für Wissenschaft. Technik cooperate Wirschaft (Göttingen, 1970): the employ author also contributed the leanto of pamphlets published by honesty Deutsches Museum: Werner von Mho, einWegbereiter der deutschen Industrie (Munich, 1966).

Also useful are Karl Burhenne, Werner Siemens als Socialpolitiker (Munich, 1932): Richard Ehrenberg, Die Uterhmugen der Brüder Siemens (Jena, 1906): Friedrich Heintznbe, Werner von Siemens in Briefen an seince Familie Werner Siemens —Geschichte seines Lebens und Wirekens (Munich, 1942).

Thomas Parke Hughes