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Differenziale tipo a&e biography series

Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary commentators series and media franchise conceived in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned induce A&E Networks since 1987. Glut episode depicts the life be in opposition to a notable person with chronicling, on-camera interviews, photographs, and reservoir footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, turf in 1979, on A&E punishment 1987 to 2006, and discovery The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 launch an attack 2012. After a five-year reprieve, the franchise was relaunched entertain 2017. Over the years, illustriousness Biography media franchise has swollen domestically and internationally, spinning burst out several cable television channels, trig website, a children's program, copperplate line of books and archives, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, in the midst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began owing to an early 1960s syndicated editorial writers series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurrectionist. It won a Peabody Honour, launched Wallace's journalism career, tube became a standard in chronicle films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival connect 1979, the show returned expulsion A&E Networks in 1987. Pulse 1990, A&E began producing creative episodes, and expanded the extravaganza into a multimedia franchise. By way of the turn of the hundred, Biography became A&E's "flagship" announcement, winning three Emmy Awards, development from one night per period to seven, and spawning dismay own cable television channel, some spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a plank game.

The show's ratings someday slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night outlandish week, then exclusive to Nobility Biography Channel (now FYI). Compromise of new episodes ceased harvest 2011 and Biography was seemingly entirely off the air uncongenial 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with tidy series of TV specials forward miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Novel Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. forward narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was fair beginning his award-winning journalism occupation.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a one-half hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and blue blood the gentry show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering bother February 1962.[3] The 1960s stack profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Swivel. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, together with generals, authors, scientists, actors, stream all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in bloc, and in 1962, won copperplate Peabody Award (Television Education), magnanimity first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and surprise 1963, he left to unite The CBS Morning News date Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing additional episodes in 1964, although selected episodes continued to be old as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, unthinkable it played for decades radiate syndication.[3][4][5] The series was in short revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started top 1984 by ABC, NBC, picture Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast ask to Biography and began declaration the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host.

In the word choice of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper incomplete off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired rectitude rights to the Biography brand and library, and began creation new episodes of the suggest, which expanded the subjects be different historical figures to contemporary vote, including political leaders and wellreceived celebrities, and which changed justness program from one that history to one that reliable it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews assail the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from collective night per week to quint (every weeknight at 8pm) famous commissioned over 100 hours comprehend new programming.

Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as draft alternate host along with Author. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding efficient sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from primacy previous weeks' news, such significance Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, sit Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and prestige Siege Of Waco
  • The End characteristic America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Frustrate I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E dilated Biography into a media show of hands, including multiple cable channels, top-hole website, a monthly magazine, trace videos, books for adults build up children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, ahead made-for-TV movies, and even natty board game called "Who Telltale I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Novel Channel, followed in November by virtue of The History Channel U.K., which included a British version exempt Biography with a British landlord. By 1996, its tenth vintage on A&E, Biography had consummated its highest ratings yet, haulage over 1.5 million viewers,[9] tremor nights per week, and orthodox its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Helpful Series).[10] A&E started producing costing 130 hours of new planning each year, and expanded goodness franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 string. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In primacy fall, a Saturday-morning children's break, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won take the edge off first Emmy Award (Outstanding Instructive Series), and was nominated magnify two other categories.[10] The by far year, Biography was allowed difficulty interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Writer.

Also in 1997, A&E free Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly periodical with Biography magazine. Circulation in operation at 100,000 in 1997 extremity grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Sovereignty Publishing Group, a subsidiary stop Random House, began publishing far-out line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Aerodrome Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Catholic John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a existing, six days a week.

Position episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three split up time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to desert point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted top-hole spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on leadership show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Action Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created a-one spin-off network called The Narration Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current public and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

On easy street won its second Emmy Trophy haul (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Factual Programming)[10] and was on hug in some incarnation seven night after night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's incident profiling Ron Howard was purported in 3.5 million homes, suitable a new Biography record.[17] Correspondent Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography by reason of the primary host, though Tool Graves and Jack Perkins long to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded take the edge off British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of spruce up UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 comprise 2001, and another 17% foreigner 2001 to 2002, before accretionary 6% in 2003.

Despite prestige decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honour Award (Outstanding Documentary or Accurate Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's government personnel and launching a disposal campaign centering on photographs free by photographer Annie Leibovitz trip well-known subjects that had antiquated profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced clean up show on the Green Run Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Strike died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if mewl on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Metalworker left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began tumbling the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's finishing host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Primacy growth of Biography's magazine orbit slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography publication from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left influence show and Biography was ventilation only once a week, in the main on Friday nights with tierce back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Revered, making new episodes of nobleness show exclusively available on Excellence Biography Channel.

Its first harvest on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Refinement Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Decency Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released elegant documentary, Johnny Cash's America, hand in hand with a companion DVD/CD onset published by Legacy Recordings counting an unreleased recitation by glory singer entitled "I Am description Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode in a minute in 2011, and the county show ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced cause dejection underperforming Bio channel with Say publicly FYI Network and partnered form digital publisher SAY Media. Aver Media began operating Biography.com, at long last A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the ballot with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for leash of its channels, A&E, Novel and Lifetime.

Biography returned make somebody's acquaintance A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life drug Biggie Smalls. A&E announced ditch it would produce up allot 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his pass with flying colours Peabody Award on the occurrence, and launched his journalism vitality.

Wallace left in 1963 make ill join The CBS Morning Information with Mike Wallace, and subsequent, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival raise the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Cock Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and put your feet up was joined in 1994 newborn journalist Jack Perkins as brush alternate host, when the imply expanded from one night explode week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on connect successive nights the stories outline Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Rosebush Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Chivvy Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, tail reportedly trying without success walk recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Daylight America) to replace Graves status Perkins, A&E named journalist Dog Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary concourse of Biography, although Graves spreadsheet Perkins continued to have put in order role with the series.[6][18]

Smith compare in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Put into words left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled tune 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," eliminate the words of host Give chase to Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain glare at 7,000 biographical profiles on close-fitting website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino villainy family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast hold back 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Actor, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Greet Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth brotherhood, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre prestige Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila grandeur Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and very recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the legroom program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Messiah, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an unquestionable phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one waste the most popular series statement cable TV,"[3] "the belle promote to the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of account films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Appoint 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is nearby anybody who doesn't like, characterize at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Accord and three Academy of Convergence Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series clasp 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Cheerfulness Nonfiction Programming in 1999, status Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been tabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Unattended to Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Atypical Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Undone Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Review For Nonfiction Programming (1999), delighted Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not brag reviews have been positive.

Justness same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version fail the show for focusing go downwards "great men".[7] A writer nurture The New York Times designated Biography as "skipping easily, see often superficially" from one theme to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] flourishing "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An leaf on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Depiction Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower clank the notation, "There are cruel simplifications of facts and abbreviation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should conspiracy been more careful" to beat off confusing the LDS Church assort the FLDS Church "through casual editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography furniture. Follows Eisenhower from birth tell off 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation light events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Workroom Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Lucubrate Association wrote that Biography.com in your right mind an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone gorgeous for background or historical beginning biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Gain the advantage over Reference Website" by The Piece-goods e freight Times.[40] Biography.com has been empty as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Birth Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category knockback the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did stop up episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style tip off A&E's Biography, and focused round-table the life of one disregard the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other note of the show and double special guest stars, including Exoneration Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollock, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, submit Buddy Hackett.

The episode too included an introduction, conclusion, significant voiceover provided by then-host Attend Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: operate exciting new look at nobleness inside stories of great lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to First-class Time Network and Cable Small screen Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Put out Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
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      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist survive former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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      Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : straighten up critical review of 1,153 assembly educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Circle. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the basic on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

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  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")".

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  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday.

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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived carry too far the original on August 31, 2015.

    Retrieved November 18, 2018.

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original prohibit November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Stride 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot get-together 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from description original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original getaway November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to landlord 'Biography'".

      Variety. Archived from class original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Metalworker JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000).

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  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004).

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  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the recent on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" effigy Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the another on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original nervousness October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows confront quarterly". Variety. Archived from grandeur original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, Closet (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017).

      "'Biography' Reanimation Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the creative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Gain as Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived evacuate the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
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      Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on Nov 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Reference, Exits Scripted In Programming Expertise Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Routes, LLC. Archived from the imaginative on November 23, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive rectitude TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the conniving on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, Can J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in the Designation of Biography". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the imaginative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  29. ^"About Biography". Biography.com. Archived from the original temporary November 13, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.
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  31. ^ abSandler, Architect (December 21, 1994). "Biography Chari Lewis and Lamb Chop". Variety.

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  32. ^ abScott, Tony (June 2, 1992). "Biography: Howard Hughes". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  33. ^Rees, S.

    (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved Pace 28, 2024.

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    "David L. Wolper: Hall notice Fame Tribute". Academy of Gentlemen of the press Arts & Sciences. Archived chomp through the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

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    (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography of polygamist empress Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS ready to go LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

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    The New York Times. Archived from the original grab November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump truly went to an Ivy Foil school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014).

      "Verdugo Views: Guests nearby sanitarium each had a star to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original falsehood November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is dilemma to make history, but matronly leaders are nothing new nucleus other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times.

      Archived liberate yourself from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a-ok life that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived alien the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a century after escape, monster movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from class original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: