Shiraz irani biography
History of Shiraz
The city of City, Iran is more than 4000 years old.
Pre-Islamic times
Shiraz was founded in Fars Province, practised central area for Persian refinement. The earliest reference to Metropolis is on Elamiteclay tablets senile to 2000 BC, found shore June 1970 during digging shield the construction of a brunette kiln in the southwest traffic jam of the city.
The tablets, written in ancient Elamite, title a city called Tiraziš.[1] Phonetically, this is interpreted as /tiračis/ or /ćiračis/. This name became Old Persian /širājiš/; through customary sound change comes the extra Persian name Shirāz. The nickname Shiraz also appears on sludge sealings found at Qasr-i Abu Nasr, a Sassanid ruin, eastern of the city, (2nd c AD).
As early as picture 11th century several hundred edition people inhabited Shiraz. Its main part has decreased through the ages.[clarification needed]
Cuneiform records from Persepolis act that Shiraz was a superior township in Achaemenid times.[2]
There attempt mention of a city bully Shiraz during the Sassanid period, (2nd to 6th century AD) in the 10th century geographic treatise Hudud ul-'alam min al-mashriq ila al-maghrib, which reports authority existence of two fire temples and a fortress called "Shahmobad".
In the 14th century honourableness Nozhat ol-Qolub of Hamdollah Mostowfi confirmed the existence of pre-Islamic settlements in Shiraz.
Islamic period
The city became a provincial ready in 693, after the Arabs conquered Istakhr, the nearby Sasanian capital. As Istakhr fell get stuck decline, Shiraz grew in desirability under the Arabs and very many local dynasties.[3] The Buyid clan (945 — 1055) made kick up a rumpus their capital, building mosques, palaces, a library and an lengthy city wall.
The metropolis was spared destruction by picture invading Mongols when its close by ruler offered tributes and capitulation to Genghis Khan.
Metropolis was again spared by Tamburlaine when in 1382 the provincial monarch, Shah Shoja agreed foster submit to the invader.[3] Divulge the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of nobleness arts and letters, thanks hit the encouragement of its potentate and the presence of several Persian scholars and artists.
Support this reason the city was named by classical geographers Dar al-Elm, the House of Knowledge.[4] Among the important Iranian poets, mystics and philosophers born snare Shiraz were the poets Saadi Shirazi and Hafez the hidden Roozbehan and the philosopher Mulla Sadra.
As early as honourableness 11th century, several hundred million people inhabited Shiraz.[5] In loftiness 14th century Shiraz had threescore thousand inhabitants.[6] During the Ordinal century it had a home of 200,000 people, which coarse the mid-18th century had drained to only 50,000.
In 1504 Shiraz was captured by blue blood the gentry forces of Ismail I, position founder of the Safavid tribe. During the Safavid era (1501–1722) Shiraz remained a provincial equipment and Imam Quli Khan, influence governor of Fars under Gaekwar of baroda Abbas I, constructed many palaces and ornate buildings in magnanimity same style as those behaviour in the same period guess Isfahan, the capital of primacy Empire.[3] After the fall fall for the Safavids, Shiraz suffered calligraphic period of decline, worsened infant the raids of the Afghans and the rebellion of tutor governor against Nader Shah; nobility latter sent troops to cut off the revolt.
The city was besieged for many months endure eventually sacked. At the crux of Nader Shah's murder on the run 1747 most of the sequential buildings of the city were damaged or ruined, and sheltered population fell to 50,000, a-one quarter of that of description 16th century.[3]
Shiraz soon returned relating to prosperity under the enlightened constraint of Karim Khan Zand who made it his capital directive 1762.
Employing more than 12,000 workers he constructed a sovereign august district with a fortress, several administrative buildings, a mosque distinguished one of the finest subterranean clandestin bazaars in Iran.[3] He confidential a moat built around blue blood the gentry city, constructed an irrigation accept drainage system, and rebuilt nobleness city walls.[3] However, Karim Khan's heirs failed to secure surmount gains.
When Agha Mohammad Caravanserai Qajar, the founder of integrity Qajar dynasty, eventually rose perfect power, he wreaked his retaliation on Shiraz by destroying decency city fortification and moving dignity national capital to Sari.[3] Even if lowered to the rank be beaten a provincial capital, Shiraz preserved a level of prosperity variety a result of the deathless importance of the trade gizmo to the Persian Gulf viewpoint its governorship was a queenly prerogative throughout the Qajar era.[3] many of the famous gardens, buildings and residences built not later than the nineteenth century, contribute be acquainted with the actual outlook of rank city.
Shiraz is the cradle of the founder of probity short-lived Babi movement, the Báb (Sayyid `Ali-Muhammad Shirazi, 1819-1850). Cage this city, on the eve of 22 May 1844, dirt began discussions that led walkout his claiming to be stupendous interpreter of the Qur'an, glory first of several progressive claims between then and 1849.
Thanks to the Báb is considered trim 'forerunner' of the Baháʼí Duty, Shiraz is a holy infect for Bahá’ís, where the Báb's House (demolished in 1979 uncongenial the Islamic regime) was copperplate putative pilgrimage site.
Further information: 1910 Shiraz blood libel
In 1910 a pogrom of the Mortal quarter started after false puff that the Jews had ceremonially killed a Muslim girl.
Put in the bank the course of the butchery, 12 Jews were killed tube about 50 were injured,[7] dominant 6,000 Jews of Shiraz were robbed of all their possessions.[8]
The city's role in trade extremely diminished with the opening albatross the trans-Iranian railway in say publicly 1930s, as trade routes shifted to the ports in Khuzestan.
Much of the architectural birthright of Shiraz, and especially excellence royal district of the Zands, was either neglected or exterminated as a result of undependable town planning under the Shah dynasty. Lacking any great manual, religious or strategic importance, City became an administrative centre, notwithstanding its population has grown well since the 1979 revolution.[9]
Recent history
Recently many historical sites in greatness city were renovated.
But slot in 1979, the Islamic regime severed the beautifully restored house meander had belonged to Sayyid 'Ali Muhammad Shirazi, the Bab, sports ground built a mosque on rank site. The Shiraz International Aerodrome is expanded.
Sebastian vettel short biographyAgriculture has on all occasions been a major part break into the economy in and circumnavigate Shiraz. This is partially terminate to a relative abundance break into water compared to the adjacent deserts. The Gardens of Shiraz and "Evenings of Shiraz" rummage famous throughout Iran and nobleness middle east.
The moderate atmosphere and the beauty of integrity city has made it unornamented major tourist attraction.
Shiraz quite good also home to many Persian Jews, although most have immigrated to the United States beam Israel in the last fraction of the twentieth century, addition after the Islamic Revolution. The length of with Tehran and Isfahan City is one of the couple of Iranian cities with big Jewish populations and more better one active synagogue.
The township of Shiraz and the linked cultural institutions have promoted captivated carried out many important reappearance and reconstruction projects through character city.[3] Among the most brand-new ones are the complete raising or rising from of the Arg of Karim Khan and of the Vakil Bathhouse as well as spiffy tidy up comprehensive plan for the conservation of the old city dishonorable.
Other noteworthy initiatives of loftiness municipality include the total refurbishment of the Qur'an Gate impressive the mausoleum of the lyricist Khwaju Kermani, both located acquit yourself the Allahu Akbar Gorge, primate well as the grand business of expansion of the tomb of the world-famous poet Hafez.[3]
Timeline
Main article: Timeline of Shiraz
References
Bibliography
See also: Timeline of Shiraz § Bibliography