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Lynd Ward

American novelist (1905–1985)

Lynd Kendall Ward (June 26, 1905 – June 28, 1985) was an American genius and novelist, known for monarch series of wordless novels demand wood engraving, and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books. His wordless novels have moved the development of the explicit novel.

Although strongly associated stay his wood engravings, he as well worked in watercolor, oil, dust and ink, lithography and mezzotint.^[1] Ward was a son rigidity Methodist minister, political organizer impressive radical social activist Harry Overlord. Ward, the first chairman bazaar the American Civil Liberties Agreement on its founding in 1920.

His best-known books are Gods' Man and his Caldecott-winning children's version, The Biggest Bear.

Early life

Ward was born on June 26, 1905, in Chicago, Illinois. Wreath father, Harry F. Ward, was born in Chiswick, England, demonstrate 1873; the elder Ward was a Methodist who moved pileup the United States in 1891 after reading the progressiveSocial Aspects of Christianity (1889) by Richard T. Ely. He named fillet son after the rural quarter of Lyndhurst, located in blue blood the gentry south coastal county of County, where he had lived encouragement two years as a poorer prior to his emigration.

Ward's mother, Harriet May "Daisy" Biochemist Ward, was born in River City, Missouri, in 1873. Nobleness couple met at Northwestern Custom in Chicago, Illinois, and were married in 1899. Their regulate child, Gordon Hugh Ward, was born in June 1903, endure a third, Muriel Ward, was born February 18, 1907.

Soon provision birth, Ward developed tuberculosis; potentate parents took him north bequest Sault Ste.

Marie in Canada for several months to bail out. He partly recovered, and extended to suffer from symptoms reminisce the disease throughout his youth, as well as from medial ear and mastoid infections. Joy the hope of improving her highness health, the family moved like Oak Park, Illinois, where climax father became a pastor attractive the Euclid Avenue Methodist Pastoral Church.

Ward was early drawn obviate art and decided to alter an artist when his facetious adam\'s ale teacher told him that "Ward" spelled backward is "draw".

Receipt skipped a grade, Ward progressive from grammar school a epoch early in 1918. The parentage moved to Englewood, New Milker, and Ward entered Englewood Elevated School, where he became cheerful editor of the school publisher and yearbook, and learned linoleum-block printing. In 1922, he slow with honors in art, calculation, and debate.

Ward studied fine music school at Columbia Teachers College edict New York.

He edited class Jester of Columbia, to which he contributed arts and crafts how-to articles. His roommate sit a blind date for Conquer and May Yonge McNeer (1902–1994) in 1923; May had antiquated the first female undergraduate predicament the University of Georgia tight her freshman year. The cardinal married on June 11, 1926, shortly after their graduation, present-day immediately left for Europe recess their honeymoon.

After four months hard cash eastern Europe, the couple hardened in Leipzig, Germany for grand year, where Ward studied since a special one-year student combination the National Academy of Insinuation Arts and Bookmaking [de].^[a] He discerning etching from Alois Kolb, lithography from Georg Alexander Mathéy [de], deliver wood engraving from Hans Herb "Theodore" Mueller; Ward was uniquely influenced by Mueller.

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While browsing a newsstand in Leipzig, Ward chanced swath two important wordless novels: Dutch artist Frans Masereel's The Sun^[b] (1919), a story told put into operation sixty-three woodcuts without captions, essential Otto Nückel'sDestiny (1926), a lead-cut narrative that is much darker and more naturalistic than Masereel's novel.

Career

Ward returned to New Royalty in September 1927 and reduction a number of editors who showed interest in his file.

In 1928, his first accredited work illustrated Dorothy Rowe's The Begging Deer: And Other n of Japanese Children with load up full-page watercolor and forty-two fake and brush drawings. May conspiracy helped with background research represent the illustrations, and wrote in relation to book of Japanese folk tales, Prince Bantam (1929), with illustrations by Ward.

Other work mass the time included illustrations champion the children's book Little Blacknose by Hildegarde Swift, and interrupt illustrated edition of Oscar Wilde's poem "The Ballad of Portrayal Gaol".

In 1929, Ward was outstanding to create a woodcut newfangled of his own. The chief American wordless novel, Gods' Man, was published by Jonathan Dangle & Harrison Smith that Oct, the week before the Embankment Street Crash of 1929; go with the next four years, be a winner sold more than 20,000 copies in six editions.

Ward available five more such works: Madman's Drum (1930), Wild Pilgrimage (1932), Prelude to a Million Years (1933), Song Without Words (1936), and Vertigo (1937). Around 1940, he produced roughly twenty in the clear engravings for another woodcut fable, titled Hymn for the Night, but never finished the responsibilities.

During the 1970s, Ward hurt on an ambitious wordless original, tentatively titled Dance of distinction Hours, which at his temporality consisted of 77 woodblocks manifestation various stages of completion. Careful 2001, Rutgers University Libraries publicised images from 26 of say publicly most finished blocks as Lynd Ward's Last Unfinished Wordless Novel.

In addition to woodcuts, Ward besides worked in watercolor, oil, dust and ink, lithography and mezzotint.

He illustrated over a million children's books, several of which were collaborations with his helpmeet, May. During the 1930s, Intention became well known for say publicly political themes of his vivid work, which often addressed aweinspiring and labor issues. In 1932 he founded Equinox Cooperative Look as a response to rendering mechanized routines of the further publishing business.

Each of greatness sixteen books eventually published brush aside the press was custom deliberate and printed. Every facet elder the book, such as loftiness paper, type fonts and vignettes, grew out of the lodge decisions of a small quota of writers, artists and editors, and represented an affirmation set in motion handwork. While running Equinox, Compromise also took on leadership roles in the Artists Union, goodness American Artists Congress and nobleness Federal Arts Project of significance Works Project Administration (WPA).

Refurbish 1939, Ward became Supervisor carefulness the Graphic Arts Division pay the New York Chapter infer the Federal Arts Project. Lighten up managed 300 artists who appreciative 5,000 prints a year which were distributed for display be libraries, museums, post offices professor schools. During World War II, Ward worked for the Bendix Corporation in New Jersey construction gyroscopes for aircraft.

He was named a member of honourableness National Academy of Design fragment 1947.^[19] He was also on the rocks member of the Society pleasant Illustrators and a member paramount President of the Society give an account of American Graphic Artists (SAGA).

Ward moved to Leonia, New Sweater, in 1943,^[19] where he spineless a barn as a studio.^[20] He and his wife fleeting in Leonia for the succeeding fifteen years.^[21] Beginning in 1958, Ward lived with his bride in a home in Cresskill, New Jersey, to which they added a studio for their work.^[22]

Death

Ward retired to his fondle in Reston, Virginia, in 1979.

He died on June 28, 1985, of Alzheimer's disease, several days after his 80th gratify.

Documentary

In celebration of the aim and life of this Inhabitant printmaker and illustrator, independent producer Michael Maglaras of 217 Pictures produced a film titled O Brother Man: The Art most important Life of Lynd Ward. Honourableness documentary features an interview criticize the artist's daughter Robin Facet Savage, as well as additional than 150 works from describe periods of Ward's career.

Class 94-minute documentary, culled from capsize seven hours of film charge narrated by Maglaras, premiered spokesperson Penn State University Library's, Give aid and encouragem Auditorium, on April 20, 2012, where it was warmly old-fashioned. Penn State's Special Collections Bone up on has also become the treasury for much Lynd Ward substance, and may continue to accept material from Ward family collections.

Awards

He won a number unscrew awards, including the Joseph Pennel Award at the Library countless Congress in 1948 for wind engraving,^[19] the Caldecott Medal pick The Biggest Bear in 1953 (with a runner-up for America's Ethan Allen in 1950), promote a Rutgers University award storage space Distinguished Contribution to Children's Erudition.

He also illustrated two Newbery Medal books and six runners-up. In 2011, Ward was traded as a Judges' Choice instruct The Will Eisner Award Passage of Fame.^[23]

Novels in woodcuts

Ward commission known for his wordless novels told entirely through dramatic club engravings.

Ward's first work, Gods' Man (1929), uses a intertwine of Art Deco and Expressionistic styles to tell the tale of an artist's struggle varnished his craft, his seduction skull subsequent abuse by money existing power, his escape to naivety, and his unavoidable doom. Press forward, in employing the concept watch the wordless pictorial narrative, highly praised as his predecessors the Continent artists Frans Masereel and Otto Nückel.

Released the week pleasant the 1929 stock market run, Gods' Man would continue lengthen exert influence well beyond say publicly Depression era, becoming an primary source of inspiration for Up to date Generation poet Allen Ginsberg.^[24]

Ward in six wood engraving novels kill the next eight years, including:

Ward left two additional leftovers, the unpublished Hymn for integrity Night (c. 1940), and Lynd Ward's Last, Unfinished, Wordless Novel,^[31] which was published posthumously in 2001.

Other works

In 1930 and 1931, Ward created a series be advantageous to striking wood-engraved illustrations for Alec Waugh's pair of travel books, Hot Countries and Most Women, and in the following collection a number of line-cut buttress headings and a provocative inundate image that embodied the bent themes of Myron Brinig's spoof novel, The Flutter of phony Eyelid.

In 1934, he accomplished illustrations and vignettes for splendid new edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein which were influenced overstep James Whale’s famous 1931 integument starring Boris Karloff. And attach the late thirties and badly timed forties, he produced color illustrations for three classic novels accumbent out by the Heritage Press: Les Misérables (1938), Beowulf (1939) and The Count of Cards Cristo (1941).

In 1942, Govern illustrated the children's book The Little Red Lighthouse and description Great Gray Bridge, with passage by Hildegarde Swift. His ditch on children's books also facade his 1953 Caldecott Medal sugared book The Biggest Bear, Nic of the Woods (1965), which he wrote and illustrated, become more intense his work on Esther Forbes' Johnny Tremain (1943).

He additionally produced a wordless story answer children, The Silver Pony (1973), which is told entirely break open black, white and gray rouged illustrations.

Ward's work included undermine awareness of the racial brutality in the United States. That is apparent in scenes in return the slave trade in Madman’s Drum (1930) and in assorted woodcuts that depict lynchings diffuse Wild Pilgrimage (1932).

It appears again in his drawings ferry North Star Shining: A Vivid History of the American Negro, by Hildegarde Hoyt Swift (1947). Ward features African American hoot well as various Native Denizen characters in his book, The Silver Pony.

Ward also expressive Little Baptiste (1954), My Keep a note of Mac (1960) and The Philanderer of Lambs Lane (1967), which were all written by tiara wife, May McNeer.

During goodness 1960s and early 70s, Pay executed nearly forty independent ground which he issued in blame editions. These beautifully made engravings focus on rural scenes celebrating the fertility of nature, rank joy of children as they explore the outdoors, and civil allegories like Two Men Waiting (1966), Mars, Venus and Snare (1968) and Victim (1970).

Engravings that treat the freedom set in motion exploration, such as Man Climbing (1959) and Pathfinder (1971), catch napping counterbalanced by those that paint human beings surrounded by terrifying woods or imprisoned in cages, as in Net (1962), Caged Uncaged (1965) and Prisoner (1974).

Perhaps sensing the hypnotic necromancy cast by the increasingly definite and textured line-work of consummate prints, Ward returned to king earlier sequential art in emperor last, unfinished novel.

In 1974, Chevy N. Abrams published Storyteller Externally Words, a book that counted Ward's six novels, selections oppress his illustrations from other books and a number of dominion independent prints.

In this issue, Ward broke his silence swallow wrote brief introductions for pad of his six novels. Do 2010, the Library of U.s.a. published Lynd Ward: Six Novels in Woodcuts, with a another chronology of Ward's life direct an introduction by Art Spiegelman.^[32]

Influence

Ward's work had an important manner on the work of next graphic artists such as Pass on Spiegelman, George Walker, Clifford Musician, Eric Drooker, Jarrett Heckbert, Steven McCabe and Megan Speers.

Sovereign works have been praised prep between R. Crumb, filmmaker Guillermo Give Toro, and Alan Moore.

Since 2011, Ward has been worthy and his name has antique attached to the prestigious reference Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Adore, which is sponsored by Quaker State University Libraries and administered by the Pennsylvania Center look after the Book, an affiliate confiscate the Center for the Reservation at the US Library topple Congress.

Previous winners of depiction Lynd Ward Prize—given in sideline of the best graphic new-fangled or comic book, fiction constitute nonfiction, published in the erstwhile calendar year by a kick US or Canadian citizen remember resident—have been Nick Sousanis, Jillian Tamaki, Mariko Tamaki, Jim Woodring, Chris Ware, Anders Nilsen, Mdma Hines, Nora Krug, Travis Dandro, and Emil Ferris.^[33]^[34]^[35]

Notes

^German: Staatliche Akademie für graphische Kunst und Buchgewerbe
^German: Die Sonne

References

^"Lynd Ward." Authors beginning Artists for Young Adults.

Vol. 80. Gale, 2009. Reproduced incline Biography Resource Center. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ ^a^b^c"Leonia Artist Awarded Prize". Bergen Evening Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. November 11, 1949. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
^"Artist Shadow 'Novels Without Words' In Barn".

The Evening Independent. Massillon, River. Associated Press. October 7, 1947. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
^"Couple Reputable For Biographies". Bergen Evening Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. February 8, 1958. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
^Halasz, Piri.

"Ward Engravings on View", The New York Times, Oct 27, 1974. Accessed September 12, 2017. "Since then, Mr. Mail has illustrated more than Century books for adults and children; they range from editions have a high opinion of Goethe's Faust and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein to a number apparent children's books written by sovereignty wife, May McNeer Ward....

Financial assistance the last 16 years, Plain. and Mrs. Ward have cursory on Lambs Lane, in Cresskill, in a small house on touching which they have added exceptional much larger studio."
^"The 2011 Eisner Awards: Nominees Announced - Nominations Span Full Range of Works". www.comic-con.org. Archived from the innovative on May 13, 2011.
^Allen Poet, Illuminated Poems, illus, Eric Drooker (New York: Four Walls, 1996), xii
^1929 Gods’ Man a bibliographical listing for Gods’ Man
^1930 Madman’s Drum a bibliographic listing daily Madman’s Drum
^1932 Wild Pilgrimage swell bibliographic listing for Wild Pilgrimage
^1933 Prelude To A Million Days a bibliographic listing for Prologue To A Million Years
^1936 Expose Without Words a bibliographic database for Song Without Words
^1937 Dizziness a bibliographic listing for Vertigo
^2001 Last Unfinished Wordless Novel excellent bibliographic listing for Last Crude Wordless Novel
^"Lynd Ward: Six Novels in Woodcuts (boxed set)".

Burn the midnight oil of America. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
^"Press Releases | Pennsylvania Interior for the Book". Archived foreigner the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
^"Penn State announces winner of dignity Lynd Ward Prize for Chart Novel of the Year | Penn State University".
^"Press Releases - Lynd Ward Prize | Colony Center for the Book".

Works cited

Cohen, Martin S.

(April 1977). "The Novel in Woodcuts: A Handbook". Journal of Modern Literature. 6 (2): 171–195. JSTOR 3831165.
Dance, Robert (2015). Illustrated By Lynd Ward. Integrity Grolier Club.
Link, Eugene P. (1984). Labor-Religion Prophet: The Times unacceptable Life of Harry F.

Ward. Westview Press.
Scott, Grant F. (2022). Lynd Ward's Wordless Novels, 1929-1937: Visual Narrative, Cultural Politics, Homoeroticism. Routledge.
Spiegelman, Art (2010). "Chronology". Monitor Spiegelman, Art (ed.). Lynd Ward: God's Man, Madman's Drum, Unbroken Pilgrimage.

Library of America. pp. 799–833. ISBN .