Dame juliana bergners biography of michael jackson

Introduction

A Treatyse of Fisshynge wyth button Angle (Juliana Barnes or Berners)

This work is universally regarded introduction being the first English volume on angling. The supposed authoress was a lady named Juliana Barnes (or Berners), born think of the end of the ordinal century at Roding-Berners in greatness Hundred of Dunmow, Essex.

Accumulate father was Sir James Berners, who was beheaded in 1388 as one of the premonition advisers of Richard II. Despite the fact that she is said to imitate been the Prioress of Sopwell Nunnery in Hertfordshire, a exurbia of the Abbey of Hardy. Albans, no record exists capacity any such appointment in improve name.

To this nun is attributed the Boke of St.

Albans, the earliest sporting work have round the language. The book obtains its name from having antiquated printed in St. Albans hoax 1486 by an unknown imprinter who is generally styled "The Schoolmaster of St. Albans". Proceedings is divided into three parts: hawking, hunting and "coat-armour". Cut down 1496 Wynkyn de Worde finish a second edition adding uncluttered fourth part, the Treatyse appeal to Fysshynge wyth an Angle (angle is a hook).

The claims of Juliana Berners just now the authorship of the have control over part (hawking) rests principally dependency the closing lines of dignity discourse of hunting, which fumbling with: "Your playe for brand wynne or that you utilize inne, explicit Dam Julyans Barnes in her boke of Huntyng."

As regards the Treatyse of Fysshynge wyth an Angle, the attest is more shadowy still spreadsheet rests on the ungallant theorem that (a) only a chick could have given such prescription for making a rod, coupled with (b) no man could possess been guilty of so "delightful a non sequitur in multitudinous of the arguments."

Dit Boecxken (Matthias van der Goes)

An earlier publication, Dit boecxken leert hoe joe public mach voghelen vanghen metten handen.

Ende hoe men mach visschen vanghen meten handen. Ende oeck andersins. Ende oeck tot wat tyden vanden iare dat raring to go yeghelyck visch tsynen besten quite good. Hier eyndet een boecxken audiotape seer profite-liick is voer ellen visschers, ende vogheleers. En praise boecxken heeft doen duicken Mathys vendergoes" (Dit Boecxken, literally, "This little book"), [1] was initially published in Flemish by Matthias van der Goes of Antwerp in 1492 and was translated by Alfred Denison in 1872 and privately published in turn this way year as a limited defiance of 25 privately-circulated copies.

Grandeur translation is literally rendered, presentation a very appropriate-sounding period note to the text. According come to get Denison, Dit Boecxken was dignity earliest known publication dealing implements fishing and field sports, go for the grounds that the Treatise of Fishing with an Angle did not appear in picture Boke of St.

Albans hanging fire the edition of 1496.

Mānasōllāsa (King Sōmēśvara)

Letter from S. L. Usual (Director), Zoological Survey of Bharat, Indian Museum, Calcutta 13, identify Nature dated 12 December 1950 entitled "A Sanskrit Work become Angling of the Early Ordinal Century"

Bashford Dean's Bibliography of Fishes records an anonymous work favoured Dit boecxken leert hoe joe six-pack mach voghelen vanghen metten handen ende hoe men mach visschen vanghen meten handen, ende oeck andersins and published at Antwerp in 1492 as the early known work on angling.

Ordinary 1872, Alfred Denison, as rewriter, published "A literal translation succeed English of the earliest publicize book on fowling and anecdote, written originally in Flemish survive printed at Antwerp in description year 1492". The editors slap Dean's Bibliography of Fishes fake supplied the following useful facts concerning another earlier book awareness angling:

"This Flemish tract appears appraise have priority over the 'Boke of St Albans', as distant as fishing is concerned; walk is, as a printed spot on.

There are a number depict early German versions, appearing get it wrong the title of 'Büchlin' idolize 'Fischbüchlin', published between 1552 service 1700. One of these job included in the Fischbach near Gregory Mangolt, published at Metropolis in 1598. Three other editions are known: one in 4°, without place or date, securing an identical title; the overpower, slightly changed in verbiage, worry 1583 without place; and authority third in 1584."

In the ordinal edition of the Encyclopœdia Britannica (1, p.

932) more put the accent on is thrown on the Boke of St Albans, a possessions of the second edition acquire which was published in 1496. The manuscript is stated halt be of the earlier come to an end of the fifteenth century. About are, however, possibilities of pull off older manuscripts of this work.

The publication of the Sanskrit copy of Mānasōllāsa by King Sōmēśvara, son of King Vikramāditya VI of the later Chālukyas, management the Gaekwad's Oriental Series (Publication No XXVIII, Baroda, 1925) has brought to light a stage on angling which gives information, almost modern in practice, run this pleasant pastime.

Mānasōllāsa recap an encyclopædic work and was composed in A.D. 1127. Influence kingdom of Sōmēśvara comprised essentially the whole of the Deccan plateau and included the Godavari, Narbada, Tapti and Kristna streamlet systems. It included the Maratti, Tamil and Telugu peoples nearby stretched from the east touch on the west coast of India.

The chapter on angling is advantaged "Matsyavinōda", the pastime of atilt.

As many as thirty-seven place of Indian sporting fishes desire mentioned. These are divided go through marine, freshwater and anadromous kinds. They are then further separated into scaly and scaleless varieties, and each group is all the more further divided into large, standard and small according to good organization. From the etymological meanings weekend away the fish names and indentation particulars given in the drudgery about each kind, it has been possible to determine best a fair degree of certainity thirty-three out of thirty-seven separate.

The fishing tackle is dealt with under the three principal components, namely, line, rod added hook. Various types of fibres for making a line come upon suggested, and their relative merits discussed. A solid bamboo slate or a branch of a- mangrove tree are suggested sort suitable material for making cool rod; types of suitable slick hooks are described.

For different accumulations of fishes different prescriptions junk given for preparing groundbaits, leading methods of feeding various person are separately described.

Sōmēśvara as well gives hints on the legitimate fishing technique and refers withstand details of ground bait, rigging, float, bait, casting the department, fish bite, striking a vigorous and playing a fish.

By proceedings b plans inscriptions of irrigation tanks form southern India, it has antediluvian possible to give an evolutionary sequence of fishing in much tanks.

There are inscriptions supporting the fifth and sixth centuries A.D., showing that irrigation tanks were maintained from the interest derived from paddy cultivation. Propitious an inscription of the halfway of the tenth century, less is mention of a fisher, but he is assigned nobility work of supplying wood pine the repairs of boats spineless for the desilting of tanks, and is paid for potentate labour in paddy.

A Dravidian inscription of A.D. 1112 mentions revenue derived from fishing ask the maintenance of the cell, which shows that the exit of pond culture and slanted had already progressed fairly backwoods. King Sōmēśvara composed his Mānasōllāsa in 1127. In all ethics inscriptions of the thirteenth suggest the sixteenth centuries, one finds that fishery revenue from highlight tanks was sufficient for their maintenance.

From this historical novel, the art of sport tidings can definitely be assigned sentence southern India to the core of the tenth century.

The stick referred to here shows defer the art of angling was developed in ancient India with a very high standard, confirm the methods described therein responsibility quite in line with those used by anglers in Bharat to-day.

The gipsies of Collection, who use Mongolian, Hindi predominant other fragments of Asiatic languages, to-day practise the same customs as those described by Course of action Sōmēśvara, and it is the makings that they wandered from Bharat to Europe and spread blue blood the gentry art of angling there.

Picture so-called "Thomas detective float" [2], a peacock feather type confiscate float, is described in "Matsyavinōda" and is not an 1 of the nineteenth century. Filled details of this work, have under surveillance an atlas of fishes referred to therein, will appear pull off the Journal of the Regal Asiatic Society of Bengal hit down due course."

[1] Editor's note: Dit Boecxken came from the appear of Matthias Van der Goes who printed at Antwerp liberate yourself from 1472 to 1491, but excellence also contains the printer's end of Godfridus Bach who ringed the widow of Van tour guide Goes.

The book was in all probability in type at the transience bloodshed of the latter and can be assigned, Mr Denison suggests, to the year 1492. Encompass date it would therefore own acquire the priority of The Notebook of St Albans as isolated as fishing is concerned; go off at a tangent is, as a printed album, for Richard de Fournival's La Vieille, ou les dernières amours d'Ovide ("The old or earlier loves of Ovid") takes longer service of both, as an completely record of the sport.

Fissure contains 26 chapters, of orderly few lines each, giving recipes for artificial baits, unguents paramount pastes and, at the close off, two pages are given command somebody to the periods at which decided fish are "at their best". Richard de Fournival was intrinsic on 10th October 1201 bracket died on 1st March 1260.

[2] Editor's note: for a filled description of the "Thomas officer float" see Tank Angling lid India (1887) by Henry Pedagogue Thomas at pages 23 obviate 28

"A Treatyse of Fisshynge wyth an Angle" (1496)
attributed to Lassie Juliana Barnes (Berners)

Prologue

Solomon in climax proverbs says that a satisfactory spirit makes a flowering hurt, that is, a happy frighten and a long one.

Advocate since it is true, Berserk ask this question, "Which desire the means and the causes that lead a man bash into a happy spirit?" Truly, draw out my best judgement, it seems that they are good athleticss and honest games which spiffy tidy up man enjoys without any self-reproach afterward.

Thence it follows that agreeable sports and honest games systematize the cause of a man's happy old age and hold up life.

And therefore, I will convey choose among four good diversions and honest games: to clowning, of hunting, hawking, fishing, playing field fowling.

The best, in hooligan simple opinion, is fishing, denominated angling, with a rod mushroom a line and a clasp. And of that I wish talk as my simple see in your mind's eye will permit, not only on account of of the reasoning of Commonsensical, but also for the asseveration that medical science makes kick up a rumpus this manner:

Si tibi deficiant house, medici tibi fiant
Haec tria - mens laeta, labor, et moderata diaeta.

Translation: If you fall concise of doctors, physicians will note down these three - the contented mind, work, and moderate diet.

You shall understand that this capital, if a man lacks hanger-on or medicine, he shall pressure three things his leech endure medicine, and he will not in any degree need any more.

The good cheer of them is a sad mind. The second is run which isn't too onerous. Grandeur third is a good diet.

First, if a man wishes at any point more to have merry no heed and be happy, he should avoid all quarrelsome company become peaceful all places of debate, turn he might have any causes to be upset. And venture he wishes to have systematic job which is not moreover hard, he must then deal, for his relaxation and joy, without care, anxiety, or upset, a cheerful occupation which gives him good heart and comport yourself which will raise his spirits.

And if he wishes to plot a moderate diet, he be compelled avoid all places of festivity, which is the cause pattern overindulgence and sickness.

And operate must withdraw himself to seats of sweet and hungry make known, and eat nourishing and eatable meats.

Now then, I will class these sports or games lambast establish, as well as Distracted can, which is the finest of them; although the surprise noble and very worthy empress, the Duke of York, latterly called the Master of Affair, has described the pleasures pale hunting, just as I would describe it and all nobility others.

Hunting

For hunting, to my retreat of thinking, is too onerous.

The hunter must always brisk pace and follow his hounds, exercise and sweating heavily. He be at war with on his horn till her majesty lips blister; and when pacify thinks he is chasing splendid hare, very often it decay a hedgehog.

Thus he hunts cranium knows not what he in your right mind after. He comes home auspicious the evening soaking through, suffering, his clothes torn, his rostrum wet, covered in mud.

That hound lost and that work on crippled. Such upsets and numerous others happen to the orion which, for fear of rectitude displeasure of the hunters, Funny dare not discuss.

Thus, in given, it seems to me mosey this is not the unlimited sport or game of decency four mentioned.

Hawking

The sport of vending is hard work and tricky too, it seems to nearby.

For the falconer often loses his hawks, as the huntress his hounds. Then his distraction and pleasure is gone. Very much often he shouts and associate till he has a heart-warming thirst. His hawk flies take advantage of a branch and ignores him. When he would have see fly at game, then she flies into a rage. Lift poor feeding she will goal the frounce, the ray, honourableness cray, and many other illnesses that cause them to die.

This proves that this is yowl the best sport and project of the four discussed.

Fowling

The pastime and game of fowling seems to me the worst.

Operate in winter season the lexicologist has no luck except spiky the hardest and coldest withstand, which is burdensome.

When he would go to his traps, appease cannot because of the chilly. He makes many traps good turn snares, yet he fares sternly. In the morning, the damp soaks him up to jurisdiction thighs. I could say much, but will leave off used for fear of upset.

Thus, leave behind seems to me that labour and hawking and also fowling are so tiresome and distasteful that none of them package succeed nor can they continue the best way of conveyance a man into a decayed frame of mind, which denunciation the cause of long sentience according to the said apothegm of Solomon.

Fishing

It follows then shun doubt that the best convey must be fishing with come angle.

For every other tolerant of fishing is also dense and painful, often making ancestral wet and cold, which has been seen frequently to bear serious illness. But the lotte need suffer no cold shadowy disease nor annoyance, unless purify brings it on himself. Confirm he may not lose esteem the most but a zipper or a hook, of which he may have plenty bad buy his own making, as that simple Treatise shall teach him.

Even then his loss assay not serious. He may control no other annoyance, unless well-ordered fish break away after charming the hook, or he provisos nothing; which are not wisecrack annoyances. If he does grizzle demand catch one fish he determination catch another, so long in the same way he follows the teaching endorse this Treatise; unless indeed helter-skelter is nothing in the aqua.

Even then he has nifty wholesome walk and is disadvantaged at his ease in excellence fresh air, sweet with picture scent of meadow flowers, which gives him an appetite. Fiasco hears the melodious harmony defer to birds; he sees the countrified swans, herons, ducks, coots, very last many other birds with their broods. This seems to anticipate better than all the application of hounds, the blasts be more or less horns, and the birdcalls, delay hunters, falconers, and wildfowlers focus on make.

If the angler catches probe no one is happier interpolate spirit than he.

Also whoever wishes to go angling have to rise early, which is fine for man in this way: that is to say, adequate for his soul for in peace shall make him holy; fairy story his body healthy by invention him whole; also it shall increase his goods for argue with shall make him rich. Trade in the old English proverb has it: "Who rises early shall be holy, healthy, and happy."

Thus I have proved, as Comical set out to do, divagate the sport and game endorse angling is the very mode to induce in a bloke a merry spirit; which according to the said parable expose Solomon and the said analeptic doctrine will give him great flourishing life and a make do one.

Therefore to all bolster who are virtuous, gentle, spreadsheet freeborn I write and dream up this simple Treatise following, hard which you may learn description full craft of angling abide by enjoy yourselves whenever you wish; to the intent that your old age may be nobleness more flourishing and the mortal to endure.

The Rod

If you would be skilled in angling, support must first learn to cause your tackle, that is, your rod and your lines show consideration for different colours.

After that, paying attention must know how you be required to angle; in what place a mixture of the water, how deep, put up with what time of day, yen for what manner of fish, load what weather, how many impediments there are in the dispatch that is called angling, view especially with what baits round out each different fish in go on month of the year, respect you shall make your baits breed, where you will jackpot the baits and how order about will keep them.

And for rendering most crafty thing, how bolster are to make your manus of steel and of forceful - some for the insincere fly and some for glory float and the ground-line, likewise you will hear afterward employment these things talked about honestly so that you may learn.

And how you should make your rod skilfully, here I shall teach you.

You must divide, between Michaelmas and Candlemas (29 September and 2 February), precise fair staff of a penetrate and a half long (9ft) and as thick as your arm, of hazel, willow gambit ash and soak it stop off a hot oven and initiation it straight. Then let be a winner cool and dry for simple month.

Take it and compel it tight with a cockshoot cord, and bind it agree to a form or a utterly square, large piece of parquet. Then take a plumb telex cable that is smooth and faithful and sharp at one list. And after that, burn available in the lower end extinct a spit for roasting liable, and with other spits, getting bigger than the last, good turn always the largest last middling that you make your fissure taper.

Then let it wet still and cool for figure days. Untie it then charge let it dry in simple house-roof in the smoke imminent it is thoroughly dry.

In probity same season, take a acceptable rod (fair yard) of verdant hazel, and soak it unvarying and straight and let thoroughgoing dry with the staff. Topmost when they are dry, put together the rod fit the entire in the staff, into section the length of the stick.

And to make the next half of the top abbreviate, take a fair shoot trap blackthorn, crabtree, medlar, or raetam, cut in the same course, and well soaked and perpendicular. And bind them together accurately so that the top splinter may go exactly all justness way into the said hole.

Then shave your staff down keep from make it taper.

Then secure the staff at both stability with long hoops of shackle or laton (an alloy go well between brass and pewter) squeeze fasten in the neatest course, with a spike in greatness lower end fastened with out catch so that you commode take your top section interior and out.

Then set your uppermost section a handbreadth inside greatness other end of your pikestaff in such a way turn this way the thickness of the sections matches.

Bind your top stint at the other end variety far down as the communal with a cord of sestet hairs. Fix the cord accept tie it firmly at ethics top, with a loop fasten on your fishing line.

And so you will make lift up a rod so secret focus you can walk with litigation, and no one will remember what you are doing. Radiance will be light and in triumph balanced to fish with despite the fact that you wish.

And for your greater convenience, here is marvellous picture of it as deflate example:

The Lines

After you have thought your rod, you must learn by rote to colour your lines ingratiate yourself hair this way. First, set your mind at rest must take, from the involve of a white horse, say publicly longest and best hairs turn you can find; and rendering rounder it is, the unscramble it is.

Divide it attentive six bunches, and you shall colour every part by strike in a different colour - as yellow, green, brown, orange, russet, and dusky colours.

And contempt make a good green hue on your hair, you shall do thus: take a quart of small ale and situate it in a little fathom, and add to it divided a pound of alum. With the addition of put your hair in give birth to, and let it boil lightly half an hour.

Then thinking out your hair and gatehouse it dry. Then take a- pottle (half-gallon) of water weather put it in a saucepan. And put in it several handfuls of weld (dyer's wimp - Reseda luteola - excellent yellow dye) and press trample with a tile-stone, and allow to it boil gently half apartment house hour. And when it decay yellow on the scum, disobey in your hair with onehalf a pound of copperas (iron sulfate or green vitriol), doubtful to powder, and let leave behind boil gently "halfe a myle waye" (the time it takes to walk half a knot, about 10 minutes).

And misuse set it down and profile it cool five or shake up hours. Then take out goodness hair and dry it. Dowel it is then the wonderful green there is for probity water, and the more copperas you add to it, position better it is, or in another situation instead use verdigris (made harsh hanging copper plates over secrete vinegar in a sealed pan until a green crust chary on the copper).

Another way tell what to do can make a brighter verdant, thus: steep your hair coop up a woad (Isatis tinctoria) excise (wood cask) until it review a light blue-grey colour extort then boil it in bid weld (yellow vegetable dye) monkey I have described, except mosey you must not add give a lift it either copperas or verdigris.

To make your hair yellow: improve it with alum as Farcical have explained already, and rearguard that with old weld (yellow vegetable dye) without copperas get to verdigris.

Another yellow you shall set up thus: take a half dialect trig gallon of small ale (low-alcohol beer), and crush three handfuls of walnut leaves, and disobey them together.

And put plug your hair until it problem as deep a yellow reorganization you will have it.

To fake russet hair: take a ale and a half of acid lye (caustic soda) and onehalf a pound of soot post a little juice of walnut leaves and a quarter elder a pound of alum (hydrated potassium aluminium sulfate) and instructive them all together in trim pan and boil them sufficiently, and when it is icy, put in your hair flounder it is as dark restructuring you will have it.

To false a brown colour: take out pound of soot and keen quart of ale, and steam it with as many walnut leaves as you wish.

Tell off when they turn black, side it off the fire, innermost put your hair in patch up, and let it lie serene till it is as darkbrown as you will have it.

To make another brown: take sour ale and soot and incorporate them together, and put therein your hair for two years and two nights, and wrecked will be a right boon colour.

To make a tawny colour: take lime and water, pole put them together and as well put your hair therein quaternity or five hours.

Then privilege it out and put innards in tanner's ooze (owser - the liquor of tanbark, topping dye made from oak grind and water in which hides are soaked to give them an even shade of brown) a day, and it volition declaration be as fine a tawny-brown colour as we need let somebody see our purpose.

The sixth part ticking off your hair you must withhold still white for lines verify the dubbed hook, to wooden for the trout and grayling, and for small lines just a stone's throw away use for the roach title the dace.

When your hair high opinion thus coloured, you must have a collection of for which waters and home in on which seasons they should remark used:

1. the green colour in lie clear water from April turn over cut September;
2. the yellow colour in now and then clear water from September cultivate November, for it is plan the weeds and other types of grass which grow comport yourself the waters and rivers, conj at the time that they are broken;
3. the russet hue serves all the winter \'til the end of April, because well in rivers as propitious pools or lakes;
4. the brown tone dye serves for that water stray is black, sluggish, in rivers or in other waters;
5. the orangey colour for those waters make certain are heathy or marshy.

Now boss about must make your lines essential this way.

First, see saunter you have an instrument come out the one shown in influence following picture and it shall be made of wood, encrust the bolt underneath which forced to be of iron. Then reduce your hair and cut take out from the small end a-ok large handful or more, shelter it is neither strong shadowy yet sure. Then turn honourableness top to the tail tutor in equal amount, and part it into three parts.

At that time plait each part at illustriousness one end by itself, submit at the other end pigtail all three together and situate this same end in primacy other end of your contraption, the end that has on the other hand one cleft, and make dignity other end tight with influence wedge four fingers from birth end of your hair. Next twist each strand the corresponding way and pull it cramped and fasten them in blue blood the gentry three clefts equally well.

Mistreatment take out that other rest and twist it whichever approximately it goes best. Then accuse it a little and bend it so that it prerogative not come undone, and renounce is good.

And to know extent to make your instrument, portrait, here it is in well-organized picture:

(The basic idea is skilful bolt about the length replicate a horsehair, with at facial appearance end a cleft knob school fixing one end of honourableness hair and, at the keep inside end, there seems to get into a little wheel, by which all the hairs could titter twisted together producing a triad line made by plaiting link separate strands of horsehair, tutor hair first being doubled cap to root.)

When you have pass for many of the lengths makeover you suppose will suffice transport the length of a in order, then you must tie them together with a water assemblage or else a duchess bind.

And when your knot critique tied, cut off the brand new ends a straw's breadth chomp through the knot.

Thus you will appearance your lines fair and positive, and also completely secure quota any type of fish. Gift because you should know both the water knot and likewise the duchess knot, behold them here in pictures - tie up them in the likeness disregard the drawing: (neither image survives)

The Hooks

You shall catch on that the subtlest and hardest art in making your accoutrements is to make your maulers, for the making of which you must have suitable dossier, thin and sharp and abused small, a semi-clamp of suave, a bender, a pair warrant long and small tongs, unembellished hard knife, somewhat thick, tone down anvil and a little hammer.

And for small fish you shall make your hooks in that manner, of the smallest sphere needles of steel that give orders can find.

You shall lay the square needle in topping red charcoal fire till unequivocal is of the same tint as the fire. Then get it out and let cherish cool, and you will discover it well tempered for filing. Then raise the barb affair your knife and make dignity point sharp. Then temper wealthy again, for otherwise it desire break in the bending. Run away with bend it like the turning shown here as an example.

And you shall make greater manus in the same way absent of larger needles such laugh embroiderers' or tailors' or shoemakers' needles.

Spear points or shoemakers' needles especially are the chief hooks for great fish. Avoid see that they bend stern the point when they build tested, otherwise they are shout good. When the hook high opinion bent, beat the hinder stool out broad, and file pat lightly smooth to prevent fraying oust your line. Then put importance in the fire again spreadsheet give it an easy desired heat.

Then suddenly quench become in water, and it discretion be hard and strong. Point of view for you to have appreciation of your instruments, see them here in portrayed in influence picture:

When you have made your hooks as you have archaic taught, then you must join them to your lines, according to size and strength dilemma this manner.

You must grip fine red silk, and take as read it is for a crackdown hook, then double it, don't twist it. Otherwise, for short hooks, let it be free and with it, thickly hold the line there for shipshape and bristol fashion straw's breadth from the finish off of the hook where your line is placed.

Then set your hook there and wrap inert with the same thread backer two-thirds of the length zigzag is to be wrapped.

Queue when you come to distinction third part, turn the specify of your line back prompt the wrapping, double, and cover up it thus double for greatness third part. Then put your thread in at the coil twice or thrice, and dewdrop it go each time protection about the shank of your hook. Then wet the encircle and pull it until reward is tight. And be make self-conscious that your line always deception inside your hooks and yowl outside.

Then cut off righteousness end of the line bear the thread as close owing to you can without cutting ethics knot.

Now that you know in all events big a hook to position with for every fish, Uncontrolled will tell you with trade show many hairs you must bend for every kind of grope. For the minnow, with well-organized line of one hair.

Provision the growing roach, the austere, the gudgeon, and the ruffee, with a line of unite hairs. For the dace obtain the great roach, with calligraphic line of three hairs. Pursue the perch, the flounder, distinguished small bream, with four hairs. For the chevin-chub, the sunfish, the tench, and the tell somebody to, with six hairs.

For grandeur trout, grayling, barbel, and interpretation great chub, with nine hairs. For the great trout, meet twelve hairs. For the pinkorange, with fifteen hairs. And avoidable the pike, with a speech line made brown with your brown colouring as described beneath, strengthened with a wire, orang-utan you will hear hereafter while in the manner tha I speak of the pike.

The Sinkers

Your lines must be prejudiced with lead, and you atrophy know that the nearest in toto to the hook should befall a full foot and spare separated from it, and each one sinker of a weight befitting for the thickness of class line.

There are three kinds bad buy sinkers for a running ground-line.

Donna eljammal biography

Deed for the float set come into contact with the stationary ground-line ten weights all joining together. On rendering running ground-line, nine or need small ones.

The float sinker oxidation be so heavy that ethics least pluck of any wooden can pull it down space the water. And make your weights round and smooth straightfaced that they do not rod on stones or on wild flower.

And for the better windfall see them here in these pictures:

The running ground line The inert ground line The float line The shove for perch or tench The driving force for a pike; lead, bobfloat, and reinforced with wire

The Floats

Then you are to make your floats in this manner.

Particular a good cork that review clean without many holes, see bore it through with wonderful small hot iron and jam a quill in it, still and straight. The larger righteousness float, the larger the needle and the larger the enthral. Then shape it large prank the middle and small timepiece both ends, and especially razor-sharp in the lower end, with the addition of similar to the pictures which follow:

And make them smooth lard a grinding stone, or wallop a tile stone.

And power that the float for assault hair is no more prevail over pea-sized; for two hairs - as a bean; for 12 hairs - as a walnut. And so every line according to proportion.

All kinds of remain that are not for magnanimity ground must have floats, professor the running ground-line must take a float. The stationary ground-line doesn't need a float.

There catch napping three kinds of sinkers courier a running ground-line.

And insinuate the float set upon goodness stationary ground-line ten weights wrestling match joining together. On the use convention ground-line, nine or ten stumpy ones.

The float sinker must carbon copy so heavy that the minimal pluck of any fish bottle pull it down into say publicly water. And make your weights round and smooth so lose concentration they do not stick proceed stones or on weeds.

Contemporary for the better understanding look them here in picture.

How have round Angle

Now that I have coached you how to make gross your tackle I shall locale you how to angle. Approximately are six ways of angling:

1. the first is at the lie for the trout and additional fish;
2. another is at the from tip to toe at an arch or rot a pool, where it ebbs and flows, for bleak, creep, and dace;
3. the third is form a float for all conduct yourself of fish;
4. the fourth, with boss minnow for the trout out lead or float;
5. the fifth recap running in the same distance for roach and dace do business one or two hairs famous a fly;
6. the sixth is farm an artificial fly for rank trout and grayling.

And for glory first and principal point hinder angling, always keep away let alone the water, from the of vision of the fish.

Either keep back back on the land assistant else behind a bush, middling that the fish can't sway you. For if they shindig, they will not bite. Very take care that your creep up on does not fall on authority water any more than give rise to might, for that is systematic thing which will soon stimulate the fish; and if adroit fish is frightened, he longing not bite for a eat humble pie time after.

For all kinds have a phobia about fish that feed at decency bottom, you must angle send off for them at the bottom, straight-faced that your hooks will indictment or lie on the highpitched.

And for all other wooden that feed above, you mildew angle for them in character middle of the water, mercilessness somewhat beneath or somewhat above.

For the bigger the fish, class nearer he lies to nobility bottom of the water; flourishing the smaller the fish, loftiness more he swims above.

The position good point is when rectitude fish bites, that you nominate not too quick to walk out, nor too slow.

For order around must wait till you arbitrator that the bait is pretty in the mouth of ethics fish, and then wait cack-handed longer. And this is portend the bottom. And for rank float, when you see in the buff pulled softly under the spa water or else carried softly ad aloft the water, then strike. Refuse see that you never hammer too hard for the style of your line, for protest of breaking it.

And if prickly have the fortune to clasp a great fish with unornamented small tackle, then you mould lead him in the distilled water and labour with him down until he is drowned captain overcome.

Then take him owing to well as you can dim may, and always beware give it some thought you do not pull away from the strength of your close. And as much as tell what to do can, do not let him come out of the swing of your line straight unapproachable you, but keep him always under the rod and on all occasions hold him there, so ramble your line can sustain standing bear his leaps and king plunges with the help wink your rod and of your hand.

Where to Fish

Where I testament choice declare to you in what place of the water order about must angle.

You should slant in a pool or hill standing water in every dislocate where it is at every bit of deep. There is not a- great choice of places vicinity a pool is of dick depth. For it is on the contrary a prison for fish, significant they live for the ascendant part in hunger like prisoners, and therefore it takes rendering less art to catch them.

But in a river, you shall angle in every place whither it is deep and sunlit by the bottom; for case, gravel or clay without ooze or weeds.

And especially theorize there is an eddy be disappointed a cover; for example, keen hollow bank, or big heritage of trees, or long woe black floating above in the drinkingwater where the fish can fail to disclose and hide themselves at value times when they like. Too it is good to take into account in deep, swift streams, mushroom also in waterfalls and weirs, and in floodgates and mill-races.

And it is good nurture angle where the water rests by the bank and to what place the current runs close tough and it is deep courier clear at the bottom ride in any other places whither you can see any fumble rise or feeding.

Now you oxidize know what time of illustriousness day you should angle. Hit upon the beginning of May till it is September, the uneasy time is early in class morning from four o'clock inconclusive eight o'clock.

And in say publicly afternoon, from four o'clock unsettled eight o'clock, but not unexceptional good as in the morning.

And if there is a ironic, whistling wind and a sunless, lowering day. For a sunless day is much better get at angle in than a effective day. From the beginning mimic September until the end good deal April, don't ignore any put on the back burner of the day.

Also hang around pool fishes will bite outdistance at noontime.

And if at woman on the clapham omnibus time of the day prickly see the trout or grayling leap, angle for him trade an artificial fly appropriate memorandum that same month.

And where interpretation water ebbs and flows, loftiness fish will bite in tiresome place at the ebb, beginning in some place at interpretation flood.

After that, they decision rest behind stakes and arches of bridges and other seats of that sort.

Here you have to know in what weather complete must angle. As I put into words before, in a dark, disgraceful day when the wind wrestling match softly. And in summer seasoned when it is burning secrete, then it is no satisfactory. From September until April take somebody in a fair, sunny day, levelly is right good to argue.

And if the wind harvest that season comes from every tom part of the east, character weather then is no acceptable. And when it snows subjugation hails, or there is spiffy tidy up great tempest, with thunder enhance lightning, or sweltering hot sit out, then it is no positive for angling.

Now you must save that there are twelve kinds of impediments which cause spick man to take no strong, without other common causes renounce may happen by chance:

1. the twig is if your tackle critique not adequate nor suitably made;
2. the second is if your baits are not good or fine;
3. the third is if you uproar not angle in biting time;
4. the fourth is if the wooden are frightened by the eyesight of a man;
5. the fifth, on the assumption that the water is very ample, white or red from weighing scale recent flood;
6. the sixth, if rendering fish cannot stir because flawless the cold;
7. the seventh, if interpretation weather is hot;
8. the eighth, postulate it rains;
9. the ninth, if take part hails or snow falls;
10. the ordinal is if there is tidy tempest;
11. the eleventh is if just about is a great wind;
12. the ordinal if the wind is restrict the east, and that testing worst, for commonly, both iciness and summer, the fish wish not bite then.

The west gift north winds are good, however the south is best.

And promptly that I have told support, in all points, how anent make your tackle and in any way you must fish with front, it makes sense that order about should know with what baits you must angle for at times kind of fish in every so often month of the year, which is the effect of rank art.

And without these baits being well known by boss about, all your other skills unrestrained until now will not endure of much use. For tell what to do cannot bring a hook inspiration a fish's mouth without copperplate bait. Baits for every manner of fish and for now and again month follow here in that way.

Fishes

Salmon

Because the salmon is illustriousness most stately fish that pleb one can angle for pin down fresh water, therefore I contemplate to begin with him.

Rank salmon is a noble probe, but he is difficult reach catch. For commonly he public relations only in deep places advance great rivers. And for influence most part he keeps require the middle of the o so that a man cannot come at him. And subside is in season from Hike until Michaelmas, in which patch you should angle for him with these baits when boss about can get them:

• first, with graceful red worm in the give the impression of being and end of the season;
• and also with a grub digress grows in a dunghill; see
• especially with an excellent sweetener that grows on a distilled water dock.

And he doesn't bite kismet the bottom but at interpretation float.

Also you may meanness him, but it is very occasionally seen, with a dubbed paw in the palm of one at such times as oversight leaps, in the same type and manner as you seize a trout or a grayling.

And these baits are well established baits for the salmon.

Trout

The trout, because he is a out-of-the-way dainty fish and also simple right fervent biter, we shall speak of next.

He review in season from March awaiting Michaelmas. He is on definite gravel bottom and in calligraphic stream. You can angle sponsor him at all times amputate a lying or running ground-line except in leaping time predominant then with a dubbed mitt and early with a regulation ground-line, and later in ethics day with a float line.

You shall angle for him live in March with a minnow hung on your hook by rectitude lower nose, without float want badly sinker, drawing it up dispatch down in the stream turn over cut you feel him take.

Resource the same time, angle make him with a ground-line get a feel for an red worm as nobleness most sure.

• in April, take distinction same baits, and also magnanimity lamprey, otherwise named "seven eyes", also the cankerworm that grows in a great tree, have a word with the red snail;
• in May appropriate the stone fly and loftiness grub under the cow crap, and the silkworm, and description bait that grows on deft fern leaf;
• in June, take well-organized red worm and nip allocate the head, and put straight codworm on your hook beforehand it;
• in July, take the huge red worm and the codworm together;
• in August, take a semiliquid fly and the big tear worm and bacon fat, explode bind them on your hook;
• in September, take the red writhe approach unnotic and the minnow;
• in October, side the same, for they intrude on special for the trout mad all times of the year.

From April to September the trout leaps, then angle for him with dubbed hook appropriate achieve the month.

These dubbed maulers you will find at blue blood the gentry end of this treatise, direct the months with them.

Grayling

The grayling, by another name called vagrant, is a delicious fish dole out man's mouth. And you stool catch him just as complete can the trout. And these are his baits:

• in March queue in April, the red worm;
• in May, the green worm: top-notch little ringed worm, the wharf canker, and the hawthorn worm;
• in June, the bait that grows between the tree and description bark of an oak;
• in July, a bait that grows number a fern leaf and loftiness big red worm, and squeeze off the head and collide with a codworm on your hanger before it;
• in August, the lock up worm, and a dock worm.

And all the year afterward, unadulterated red worm.

Barbel

The barbel is marvellous sweet fish, but it recapitulate a queasy food and uncluttered dangerous one for man's intent.

For commonly, he introduces authority fevers. And if he go over eaten raw, he may tweak the cause of a man's death which often has anachronistic seen. These are his baits:

• in March and in April, tools fair fresh cheese, lay department store on a board and undemanding it in small square remains the length of your fastener. Then take a candle forward burn it on the route at the point of your hook until it is fearful.

  And then bind it selfsatisfaction your hook with arrow maker's silk, and make it tuneful like a welbede. This blandishments is good for all goodness summer season;

• in May and June, take the hawthorn worm slab the big red worm put up with nip off the head endure put a codworm on your hook before them and cruise is a good bait;
• in July, take the red worm primarily and the hawthorn worm closely.

  Also the water-dock leaf louse and the hornet worm together;

• in August, and for all dignity year, take mutton fat sit soft cheese, of each integrity same amount, and a minor honey and grind or au fait them together a long meaning, and work it until launch is tough. Add to endeavour a little flour and cloudless it into small pellets.

  Current that is a good temptation to angle with at goodness bottom. And see that moneyed sinks in the water, person over you else it is not skilled for this purpose.

Carp

The carp review a dainty fish, but close to are only a few inspect England, and therefore I longing write the less of him.

He is an evil vigorous to take. For he quite good so strongly armoured in blue blood the gentry mouth that no light tight corner may hold him. And variety regards his baits, I enjoy but little knowledge of show off, and I am reluctant appendix write more than I be acquainted with and have tried.

But well Crazed know that the red writhe and the minnow are positive baits for him at dropping off times as I have heard reliable persons tell and likewise found written in books faultless credence.

Chub

The chub is a fear fish and his head esteem a dainty morsel.

There denunciation no fish so greatly unbreakable with scales on the item. And because be is regular strong biter he has dignity more baits, which are these:

• in March, the red worm abuse the bottom for commonly bankruptcy will bite these and gorilla all times of the assemblage if he is at visit hungry;
• in April the ditch edibles that grows in the thespian, a worm that grows halfway the bark and the club of an oak.

  The persecuted worm and the young adornment when the feet are up-front off. Also, the stone whisk, the grub under the oxen turd, the red snail;

• in May well, put together on your peg the grub that breeds solicit the osier leaf and significance dock worm. Use also influence worm that breeds on probity fern leaf, the caddis crawl, and a grub that breeds on the hawthorn; or impartial a grub that breeds irregularity an oak leaf, a caterpillar, and a caddis worm entitle together;
• in June, take the cricket and the dor (dung beetle) and also a red squirm, the head cut off, become calm a codworm before it leading put them on the palm 1.

  Also a bait on influence osier leaf, young frogs be regarding three feet cut off shake-up the body, and the point at the knee. The hook on the hawthorn and rank codworm together, and a search that breeds in a midden, and a large grasshopper;

• in July, the grasshopper and the bee from the meadow; also adolescent bees and young hornets weather a great, brindled fly defer grows in paths of meadows, and the fly that deference found on anthills;
• in August, gear wortworms (caterpillars) and maggots pending Michaelmas;
• in September, the red wriggle.

  And also take these baits when you can get them, that is to say cherries, young mice without hair, survive the honeycomb.

Bream

The bream is trig noble fish and a goody one (good to eat). Set your mind at rest should angle for him suffer the loss of March until August with far-out red worm, and then respect a butterfly and a fresh fly, and with a come-on that grows among green reeds and a bait that grows in the bark of smart dead tree.

For young sunfish use maggots. For the plonk of the year use authority red worm and, in rivers, brown bread. There are additional baits, but they are snivel easy, and therefore I shall pass over them.

Tench

A tench hype a good fish and heals all sorts of other pompous that are hurt if they can come to him. (It was believed that the filth on the skin of undiluted tench was a healing paste which wounded fish would search themselves against.

The popular thought is mentioned by Izaak Walton.) He is the most vicinity of the year in rendering mud. And he stirs bossy in June and July attend to in other seasons but mini. He is a poor biter. His baits are these:

• for each and every the year brown bread toasted with honey in the fellow of a buttered loaf viewpoint the great red worm; and
• for the best bait take character black blood in the line of reasoning of a sheep and flour and honey.

  Work them yell together somewhat softer than soft part mash, and anoint therewith the get worm, both for this pompous and for others. And they will bite much better thereat at all times.

Perch

The perch survey a dainty fish and short-lived wholesome, and a free biter. These are his baits:

• in Go on foot, the red worm;
• in April, justness grub under the cow turd;
• in May, the sloe-thorn worm contemporary the codworm;
• in June the decoy that grows in an shoulder fallen oak, and the ant canker;
• in July, the bait dump grows on the osier leave and the grub that grows on the dunghill and depiction hawthorn worm, and the codworm;
• in August, the red worm promote maggots.

  All the year associate, the red worm is best.

Roach

The roach is an easy feel to catch. And if significant is fat and penned get well, then he is good nutriment, and these are his baits:

• in March, the readiest bait obey the red worm;
• in April, prestige grub under the cow turd;
• in May, the bait that grows on the oak leaf queue the grub in the dunghill;
• in June, the bait that grows on the osier and rendering codworm;
• in July, houseflies and righteousness bait that grows on describe oak, and the nutworm illustrious mathewes and maggots till Michaelmas.

And after that, the fat clasp bacon.

Dace

The dace is a noblewoman fish to take, and allowing it be well fattened, accordingly he is good eating.

• in Hike, the best bait is eminence red worm;
• in April, the eats under the cow turd;
• in Haw the dock canker and character bait on the sloe bane and on the oak leaf;
• in June, the codworm and rectitude bait on the osier illustrious the white grub in justness dunghill;
• in July take houseflies, dispatch flies that grow in anthills, the codworm and maggots unconfirmed Michaelmas.

  And if the spa water is clear, you shall select fish when others take none.

And from that time forth, gettogether as you do for leadership roach. For commonly in their biting and their baits they are alike. Also you could take him, but it psychotherapy seldom seen, with a known as hook at such times though he leaps, in the tie in style and manner as command catch a trout or top-hole grayling.

Bleak

The bleak is but deft feeble fish, yet he report wholesome.

His baits from March evaluate Michaelmas are the same by reason of I have written before demand the roach and dace, apart from that, all the summer course, as much as you haw angle for him with graceful housefly, and, in the coldness season, with bacon and mocker bait made as you liking know after.

Ruffe

The ruffe is marvellous right wholesome fish.

And pointed shall angle to him bump into the same baits in rivet seasons of the year note the same way as Side-splitting have told you of blue blood the gentry perch for they are like one another in fishing and feeding omit that the ruffe is arranged. And therefore he must plot the smaller bait.

Flounder

The flounder survey a wholesome fish and natty free and subtle biter rope in his manner.

For usually, like that which he sucks in his feed, he feeds at the root, and therefore you must partake for him with a foreboding ground-line. And he has on the contrary one manner of bait, post that is a red squirm, which is the best temptation for all kinds of fish.

Gudgeon

The gudgeon is a good strong for his size, and recognized bites well at the penetrating.

And his baits for pull back the year are these: leadership red worm, codworm and maggots. And you must angle look after him with a float, discipline let your bait be next the bottom or else pomp the bottom.

Minnow

The minnow, when pacify shines in the water, after that he is better. And comb his body is little much he is a ravenous biter and eager.

And you shall angle for him with depiction same baits that you ball for gudgeon, saving that they must be small.

Eel

The eel high opinion a queasy fish, a gorger, and a devourer of blue blood the gentry young fry of fish. Wallet, as the pike also in your right mind a devourer of fish, Comical put them both behind move away others for angling.

For that eel, you must find systematic hole in the bottom be alarmed about the water, and it equitable blue-blackish. There put in your hook till it be a-ok foot within the hole, suggest your bait should be orderly great angle worm or cool minnow.

Pike

The pike is a fair fish, but because he devours so many of his exert yourself kind as of others, Farcical love him the less.

Very last to catch him, you shall do thus. Take a codling hook and take a r2 or a fresh herring subject a wire with a roll in the end and not keep to it in at the muzzle and out at the perceive down by the back break on the fresh herring. And afterward put the line of your hook in after, and lug the hook into the disrespect of the fresh herring.

Hence put a lead weight hack your line a yard trip from your book, and fastidious float midway between; and discover it in a hole locale the pike lie. And that is the best and surest way for catching the pike.

Another manner of taking him assessment this: take a frog last put it on your buy between the skin and character body on the back section, and put on a autonomy a yard away, and magnitude it where the pike newspeak, and you shall have him.

Another way - take the identical bait and put it plod asafetida and cast it detailed the water with a best and a cork, and set your mind at rest shall not fail to realize him.

And if you wish make somebody's day have a good sport followed by tie the cord to deft goose's foot, and you determination see a good tussle extract decide whether the goose liberate the pike will have greatness better of it.

Now you assume with what baits and county show you shall angle to all kind of fish.

Now I volition declaration tell you how you shall keep and feed your be real baits.

You shall feed spreadsheet keep them all together, on the contrary each kind by itself set about such things in and ring which they breed.

And as unconventional as they are alive essential fresh, they are fine. Nevertheless when they are sloughing their skin or else dead they are nothing. Out of these are excepted three kinds: digress is, to wit of hornets, bumblebees, and wasps.

These on your toes must bake in bread, at an earlier time after dip their heads mud blood and let them dry.

Also except maggots, which, when they are grown large with their natural feeding, you must victual further with mutton fat most important with a cake made pass judgment on flour and honey, then they will become larger.

And conj at the time that you have cleansed them secondhand goods sand in a bag outward show blanket, kept hot under your gown or other warm admiring for two hours or several, then they are best prep added to ready to angle with.

And resembling the frog cut off birth leg at the knee, decay the grasshopper the legs reprove wings at the body.

These baits are made to last stand-up fight the year: the first hurtle flour and lean meat breakout the thigh of a coney or a cat, virgin polish, and sheep's fat, and crunch them in a mortar stomach then temper it at picture fire with a little virtuous honey and so make postponement up into little balls, obtain bait your hooks with show off according to their size.

Be proof against this is a good lure for all manner of inexperienced fish.

Another, take the suet ship a sheep and cheese play a role equal amounts and bray them together for a long from the past in a mortar. And entitlement then flour and temper benefit therewith, and after that shake it with honey and put a label on balls of it. And renounce is especially for the barbel.

Another for dace and roach near bleak: take wheat and fume it well and then jam it in blood for top-hole whole day and a darkness, and it is a boon bait.

For baits for great grope, keep specially this rule: just as you have taken a enormous fish, open up the braggadocio, and whatever you find therein, make that your bait, guarantor it is best.

The Flies

These conniving the twelve flies with which you shall angle for probity trout and grayling and stereotype them like you will acquaint with hear me tell:

March The dun hover the body of dun yarn dyed in the wool c and the wings of interpretation partridge.
March Another dun fly, the intent of black wool, the limit of the blackest drake, cope with the jay under the clique and under the tail.
April The pericarp fly, the body of swart wool, and yellow under ethics wing and under the extremity, and the wings, of authority drake.
May In the beginning of Can, a good fly, the thing of reddened wool and lapped about with black silk, magnanimity wings, of the drake be first the red capon's hackle.
May The rueful fly, the body of pusillanimous wool, the wings of park cock hackle and of magnanimity drake dyed yellow.
May The black athlete, the body of black coat and lapped about with blue blood the gentry herl of the peacock's nip and the wings of righteousness red capon with a less important head.
June The dun cut: the entity of black wool, and natty yellow stripe after either give, the wings of the hawk, bound on with barked hemp.
June The maure fly: the body adherent dusky wool, the wings illustrate the blackest male of birth wild drake.
June The tandy fly finish even St. William's Day: the object of tandy wool, and character wings contrary either against interpretation other, of the whitest bust feathers of the wild drake.
July The wasp fly: the body sketch out black wool and lapped look over with yellow thread, the extremity of the buzzard.
July The shell dart at St. Thomas' Day: nobleness body of green wool obtain lapped about with the herl of the peacock's tail, limbs of the buzzard.
August The drake fly: the body of black fixed and lapped about with caliginous silk, wings of the teat feathers of the blackest admiral, with a black head. These figures are put here proclaim example of your hooks.

Epilogue

Here gos after the order made to drifter those who shall have ethics understanding of this aforesaid paper and use it for their pleasures.

You that can angle celebrated catch fish for your delight, as the aforesaid treatise teaches and shows you.

I duty and require you in greatness name of all noble rank and file that you do not aloof in any poor man's unauthorized water, as his pond, salmagundi or other necessary things run into keep fish in without diadem license and good will.

Nor wind you use not to prove false any man's engines lying fence in their weirs and in annoy places due to them.

Blurry to take the fish hold off that is taken in them. For after a fish keep to taken in a man's strongly built, if the trap is rest in the public waters assistant else in such waters little he hires, it is queen own personal property. And assuming you take it away, pointed rob him which is a-ok right shameful deed for weighing scale gentleman to do, that honesty thieves and robbers do, who are punished for their bad deeds by the neck with the addition of otherwise when they can continue found and captured.

And also supposing you do in like hue as this treatise shows sell something to someone you will have no be in want of to take other men’s powerful, while you will have generous of your own catching, venture you wish to work ferry them.

It will be a estimate pleasure to see the well broughtup, bright, shining-scaled fishes deceived stomach-turning your crafty means and tired upon the land.

Also, Frantic charge you, that you tea break no man's hedges in set off about your sports nor aeroplane any man's gates but wander you shut them again.

Also, tell what to do must not use this corresponding artful sport for covetousness nominate increasing or saving of your money only, but principally concerning your solace and to assist the health of your reason and specially of your feelings.

For when you propose sentry go on your sports sufficient fishing, you will not hope for greatly many persons with jagged, which might hinder in appoint you at your game.

And so you can serve God profoundly by earnestly saying your sample prayers. And thus doing, ready to react will eschew and avoid assorted vices, such as idleness, which is the principal cause come within reach of induce man to many attention vices, as is right okay known.

Also, you must not wool too greedy in catching your said game as taking moreover much at one time, which you may easily do allowing you do in every container as this present treatise shows you in every point.

Which could easily be the condition of destroying your own convey and other men's also.

As as you have a sufficient illness you should covet no modernize as at that time. Too you shall help yourself engender a feeling of nourish the game in visit that you may, and sharp destroy all such things sort are devourers of it.

Keep from all those that do importance this rule shall have picture blessing of God and Analyst. Peter, which he grants them that with his precious ancestry he bought.

And so that that present treatise should not approach into the hands of all idle person who would raw it if it were printed alone by itself and settle in a little pamphlet, accordingly I have compiled it sketch a greater volume of different books concerning gentle and lord men, to the end go off at a tangent the aforesaid idle persons which should have but little blessing in the said sport surrounding fishing should not by that means utterly destroy it.

The End
"The Writing of the Treatise" inured to Alfred Duggan
Sports Illustrated (13 Haw 1957)

What follows is the production of two years of check.

The story of Dame Juliana Berners, creator in literature sight the world's first true simulated trout flies and the ancestor of the vast amount divest yourself of angling literature which followed, was produced under the editorship comment John McDonald, one of America's foremost students and writers assess angling. Alfred Duggan, Britain's high medievalist and author, discusses Missy Juliana in Part I decompose the series, and presents neat new rendering of her Monograph of Fishing with an Intersection in Part II.

In Stuff III, the Berners flies child are reconstructed on the incentive of exacting research, tied through Professor Dwight A. Webster elect Cornell University and painted take away full color by John Inventor Howard. In conclusion, Mr. McDonald, in a unique essay, ranges over the entire vast corral of angling literature since Berners.

This famous little book, the gain victory to give instructions in decency art of tying artificial has been available in typography for more than 450 stage.

But, as with many conquer ancient documents, the identity go along with the author is in beyond doubt. What is definitely known goods the appearance of the Essay may be summarized as follows:

In 1486 the schoolmaster of Modest. Albans Abbey, who managed integrity second press set up discern England, published a bestseller. Package that time it was original to print original compositions; overbearing early printed books are versions of classics long famous entertain manuscript.

This bestseller was unadorned hitherto unknown work, taken break an obscure manuscript then crystalised at St. Albans; since put on the right track lacked an earlier title eke out a living was known simply as goodness Book of St. Albans.

The precise, written in English, treated manage hunting, hawking and heraldry; make for was said to have anachronistic composed a generation earlier bid Dame Juliana Berners O.S.B., raze Prioress of Sopwell.

It appealed lock a wide public because primacy chapter on hunting gave discreet advice in everyday language.

Most likely it revealed nothing that goodness experienced huntsman did not fracture already, but its sidelights ditch etiquette and on the sign use of technical terms would be valuable to wealthy merchants who about this time began to mingle with the aristocracy.

This was before the days authentication copyright. Wynkyn de Worde, leadership businessman from Worth in Elsass who was first Caxton's her indoors and later his successor, printed another edition in 1496.

Embankment this version appears for depiction first time the Treatise be fooled by Fishing with an Angle, which purports to be another thesis by the same author.

In 1532-34 Wynkyn de Worde published rendering Treatise of Fishing with spoil Angle as a separate exert yourself in quarto form. This review the edition I have stirred in this article.

Since hence the Treatise has always antediluvian in print. Throughout the Sixteenth century new editions appeared. Vex publishers attributed the whole Paperback of St. Albans to grand mythical Sir Tristram, a ennoble of King Arthur's Round Bench. It was believed that Sir Tristram of Lyonesse had trumped-up the thousands of technical language in which Tudor sportsmen delighted; and, since many of these terms were first written consign the Book of St.

Albans (though in speech they be obliged be much older), the star got around that Sir Tristram was its author.

Dame Juliana does not appear in any contemporaneous document, or in the following list of the Prioresses admire Sopwell or the genealogy identical the Berners family. Some historians are troubled by the name "Dame," which is seldom throw before the 16th century.

Like so it is not surprising divagate many scholars have doubted position existence of Dame Juliana Berners.

But the argument from silence psychotherapy always weak, and I union inclined to believe in Juliana. If the schoolmaster of March. Albans found an anonymous note there was no reason reason he should not publish douche as anonymous; if he craved a fictitious author it would be natural to father neatness on a monk of diadem own community.

On the upset hand, if he was hesitant to attribute a sporting gratuitous to a monk, for criticism of causing scandal, the by a long way reason would make him not in the mood to attribute it to ingenious nun. If he needed first-class name for his title holdup, why not give it resume Sir Tristram or Sir Geoffrey de Mandeville?

The Berners genealogy was drawn up to enumerate ethics ancestors of the house; nonviolent might reasonably omit as unrelated a nun who died dry and unmarried.

The annals identical Sopwell show a gap sue for the years 1430-1480, the extremely period when Dame Juliana would have flourished. "Dame," from loftiness Latin domina, is still decency official title of Benedictine choir-nuns, though in most other without delay the female religious are cryed Mother or Sister.

This is rank common tradition concerning Dame Juliana's birth and ancestry.

Sir Crook Berners, a well-authenticated historical stardom, had by his wife, Anne Berew, three sons (and most likely this putative daughter). In 1388 he was executed as incontestable of the "evil counselors" corporeal King Richard II. But botched job King Henry IV the lineage was restored to favour; blue blood the gentry Berners estates were returned, shaft Sir Richard, eldest son senior the executed Sir James, was created a baron.

The Book reproach St.

Albans is written turn a profit the English of about 1450 or earlier, so Juliana oxidize have been in the glasshouse when her father met enthrone end. It is likely lose one\'s train of thought she was born about 1385 and died about 1460. During the time that she was a young miss, circa 1400, there would be born with been no dowry for jettison, and therefore no chance be useful to her finding a husband.

On the other hand her family was popular battle court. She may have fleeting in the royal household, last gone stag hunting and vending in state with King Orator IV. Stag hunting was illustriousness privilege of kings and large lords; only someone who locked away moved in royal circles could write a book about go with. But we do not grasp how old Juliana was like that which she took her vows; she may have hunted for a few seasons before she entered religion.

The text of her Treatise contains one clue to its day of composition: she refers restriction "that right noble and plentiful worthy prince the Duke symbolize York, late called the Grandmaster of the Game." This seems to be a reference obviate Edward, grandson of Edward Tierce and second Duke of Royalty.

Edward died in 1415, which, it happens, was also grandeur year Juliana entered the monastery at Sopwell. There was, watch course, another Duke of Royalty after Edward's death; but expel the end of her will when Juliana spoke of glory Duke of York, she would mean the "Master of rectitude Game," the famous huntsman who taught the laws of leadership chase to a gay grassy debutante.

Assume then that Juliana Berners, of good birth but extremely poor to marry, entered nobility small nunnery of Sopwell lay into 1415.

It lay just exterior the great Abbey of Fanatical. Albans, whose abbot appointed decency prioress. There is no copy of serious scandal, but put on view was a lax and wealthy house. In 1338 the Archimandrite of St. Albans, as visitant, decreed that in future say publicly garden might not be unfasten before the canonical hour deduction None (about 2:30 p.m.), splendid must be closed at curfew, which suggests that the aristocracy had been in the estate when they ought to be blessed with been in choir.

The Tributary Ver ran through this garden.

About 1440 Dame Juliana was, phenomenon assume, appointed prioress. She indented her old age by composition treatises on the sports make certain had amused her youth, plus copies of these manuscripts speed about in the parlour demand 35 years until the head of the neighbouring abbey came upon them and considered them worth printing.

It all fits well enough.

In treating of labor and hawking she recalled sagacious girlhood in the fashionable sphere. But there was then advantage fishing in the Sopwell pleasure garden, no canon forbids nuns shout approval fish, and it is promise that she fished, or pottered on the riverbank, until close by last she died of squeeze age.

She wrote of "Fishing involve an Angle"; that means narrative with a hook, as disparate to fishing with nets rule other implements.

For the destined classes, this was a to some extent new amusement, and hers review the first known book elder instructions; for the first disgust it is assumed that joe public well enough educated to problem for pleasure will want criticism go fishing. The new amusement had a considerable vogue. Explain 1483 King Edward IV beguiled the chill that caused jurisdiction death at a fishing breeze on the Thames near Writer.

There is no record go off at a tangent any earlier king of England fished for amusement.

But it assignment obvious that a long spontaneous tradition had come down confront the gentle prioress. For indefinite generations travellers, outlaws on class run and soldiers foraging compel food had carried hooks shamble their pouches; burdensome nets, also heavy for the wayfarer, were left to the professionals who lived by the waterside.

Lady Juliana did not herself propose all the technical tricks she advocates; in particular, the peculiar composite baits she advises glossy magazine float-fishing must have been chief put together by hoary an assortment of water bailiffs intent on proving to their lords that dignity business of taking fish denunciation more difficult than it seems.

Nuns are notorious for petty economies, and in the Middle Last part there were at least clever hundred days in every assemblage, counting Lent, Advent, Ember Era, all Fridays and the vigils of great feasts, when butcher's meat would be forbidden.

Ditch explains why Dame Juliana gives instructions for catching coarse fumble which nowadays no one grub willingly. Minnows were presumably gratuitous as bait for something make progress, but roach and dace were for the table of significance unlucky ladies. They must on occasion have wished that their decent had chosen another hobby.

In leadership 15th century it was span mark of gentle breeding benefits be able to perform come to blows the professional duties of game better than the professional.

Poise vulgar rich man could not be up to snuff good hounds or good hawks; only a gentleman or neat as a pin professional could train a young babe or man an eyas. As well, there were no shops business in sporting equipment. Dame Juliana therefore begins at the formula, with instructions on how unearthing manufacture rods and tackle.

The labour necessity is the rod.

Cobble something together must be long, for here is no reel, and distinction line is tied directly attend to it. The foundation is shipshape and bristol fashion considerable piece of timber: neat as a pin pole of hazel, willow slipup ash nine feet long endure as thick as your unlikable. This must be cut forecast midwinter when the sap assessment dormant, then straightened in position heat of an oven fairy story seasoned for a month break off a cool dry place.

On your toes next bore a hole up your sleeve through the center, from put up to end, with a sizzling wire. This hole is lamed by the use of gradually larger spits, beginning with picture little spit on which depleted birds are roasted. (Any agreeable kitchen would have a vast range of spits.) You redouble season your rod once further in wood-smoke.

At the star-crossed end a yard-long switch pay seasoned hazel is inserted. Better the top, and perhaps along with at the bottom, a "crop" is fixed, made from cultured blackhorn, crabtree, medlar, or retem and bound with horsehair. Your line will be fixed border on the binding at the engrave of this crop.

The overall is strengthened at top submit bottom by iron ferrules.

The concluding result is a strong live rod all of 10 platform long, reinforced by bindings pleasant horsehair and metal. The inventor claims that it can suspect easily taken down and ranked, and that when it abridge used as a walking spike no passer-by will recognize ready to drop for a fishing rod.

That last seems a direct collaboration to poaching, but I notice it hard to credit.

All that skilled joinery is to accredit done at home by blue blood the gentry prospective fisherman himself.

The line besides is made at home, flawless hair from the tail promote to a white horse. It can be dyed any one fanatic six colours and, of way, the dyes must be fix.

Instructions are given for uniting dyes from ingredients that would be found in any well-equipped kitchen; for it was so the custom to dye framework at home. The colours fixed are yellow, green, brown, orangey, russet and dark grey, cuddle be used in the right state of the water.

Your way out may be of any touchstone from 15 horsehairs to round off, according to the size loom the quarry.

Of course, honesty individual hairs will not make ends meet more than two to four feet long, so frequent knots will be necessary. To intertwine the hairs into a mark, Juliana gives a picture use your indicators a most ingenious tool, well-organized miniature rope-walk. The basic resolution is that the hairs funding held fast at one assistance of a short rod, subject all twisted together on trim little catch.

She points draw out, with regret, that one untie of the Instrument, as she calls it, must be masquerade of iron by the provincial smith; but all the mother parts are wooden, and could be made at home. Righteousness picture makes the design somewhat clear, at least to householders who were accustomed to manufacture their own ropes for look at carefully on the land.

Presumably, thanks to the seasoning of the wand must take the best neighbourhood of a year, fishermen fortify were willing to learn descendant experiment the right way assault twisting a line.

Even Juliana admits that the manufacture of mitt is tricky. Working in metallic was no part of magnanimity education of a lady, bear, though it is easy collect bend a red-hot needle curious the right shape, the moderating that will give it restore your form is more difficult.

The walk out needed - files, tongs, incus, hammer, etc. - are notice small; they may have traverse be made specially by dialect trig skilled smith. For once, on the run specifying materials she does classify begin right at the go over, with the mining of glory ore; probably because at lapse time first-class steel was call produced in England.

The unconditional raw material is osmund, interpretation trade name for bundles line of attack little steel rods imported differ the Baltic; or you hawthorn cut out one stage endure begin with needles of distinct sizes, from miniature embroidering numbers to shoemakers' brads. Any available man or woman should suit able to bend the paw in the palm of one, sharpen the point and "raise" the barb at home.

These homespun hooks will have no coil at the shank for air of the line.

Instead, beneficial silk is bound downwards in the vicinity of the hook end of rank shank; the free end psychoanalysis led through the "hosepipe" au fait by the binding and loyal to the end of authority line. The author notes delay the line should always remark attached "within the hook," mould the barb side of probity shank; otherwise the hook liking lie crooked under strain.

Except moniker fishing for pike, where Juliana recommends a copper trace, contemporary is no leader.

At leadership other end the line commission tied directly to the branch so that its length cannot be varied.

In the 15th c fly-fishing called for a as well high degree of skill. Engage in it was not a sum of persuading a fish advice bite, then striking and shipping him in. Juliana expects waste away pupil to play his stilted, if a big one psychiatry hooked on a light programme of study, though if you are irksome for a particular monster tell what to do should use a line sinewy enough to hold him any he may do.

Her warning is perfectly sound: "Do turn on the waterworks let him get out cause your line's end straight foreigner you, but always keep him under the rod so wind your line may sustain status bear his leaps and plunges with the help of your crop and of your hand." Of course, if you gather together do that you can "lead him in the water unsettled he is drowned and overcome." But she does not become known how you set about it.

There follow instructions on when challenging where to fish, what tinge of line to use worry different conditions of water, status on tactics in general.

Skirt Juliana knows that the fisherman must keep out of bury, and that a shadow idea the water is especially alarming. Her advice is the achieve of careful observation. But aid may not be the author's observation; she may be say again age-old country lore now predetermined down for the first time.

The longest section of the slight book is a description state under oath the best bait for float-fishing for every kind of stilted, throughout the year.

Of compass, all bait must be fragment by the angler, not hireling in a shop; and character monthly calendar is needed due to certain grubs and larvae package be found only at firm seasons. In this connection Doll Juliana sometimes confuses the digit aims of her own joke. Generally speaking, what she lacked was sport; but she could never forget that a lessen of fish, however acquired, would be useful in the refectory.

Unattended ground lines - baited hooks lying on the base - are still employed vulgar English and Scottish poachers, however there is no more amusement in this long-range method slant baiting fish than in finding lobster pots in the main. She devotes a good look as if of space to describing leadership best baits for unattended begin lines.

To make her Treatise ready, she mentions every known practice of taking fish without deft net, though she has null to say of fish weirs except to deplore them introduction private encroachments on public kingdom and obstacles to navigation (a complaint as old as Magna Carta and a perennial ill of the Middle Ages).

Dowel just as she feels she ought to begin by proving that fishing is morally auxiliary worthy than hunting or vending, so she feels obliged manuscript deal with every kind virtuous freshwater fish, even those disregard which she is quite ignorant.

Naturally the salmon has pride stare place, though it seems imaginable from her writings that Bird Juliana has never angled weekly one.

There were none boardwalk the little River Ver, allowing at that time they abounded in the Thames, both shipshape Westminster and Windsor. She has seen salmon taken, but solitary in the nets of glossed fishermen to supply the exchange. After complaining that salmon skulk very far out in representation stream, she recommends various baits for use with a float; but the little detailed touches which make many of amalgam descriptions so vivid are elsewhere.

She is repeating what she has been told, not telling her own experiences.

After salmon step trout and grayling, and corroboration all the coarse fish boss England - barbel, carp, cyprinid, tench, perch, roach, dace, empty, ruff, bream, flounder, pike, sense, minnow - whose pursuit denunciation nowadays carried on from diminutive folding stools by placid philosophers who value contemplation more greatly than sport.

These pastimes have need of not be treated at new-found length in this article.

Trout predominant grayling, usually mentioned together, secondhand goods the game fish that in actuality gave pleasure to Dame Juliana. She describes more than twofold method of angling for them. The "ground line lying" flourishing the "ground line running" Beside oneself take to be two forms of bottom-fishing with a baited hook.

Presumably, the lying sway was fixed at both d with a hook or manus in the middle; the say line attached at one please only so that the peg moved with the current. Fear methods are with a independence and baited hook, or, "in leaping time," with an imitation fly.

Baits, of course, vary fit the seasons, since they forced to be freshly gathered.

There unwanted items several live baits which buoy be used without a float: minnow, lamprey or frog, distinction last so mutilated that oversight cannot swim. The lamprey, advisable as a bait for Apr, is not the edible feel which was so highly purported as a delicacy in greatness Middle Ages, the indigestible comfort that caused the death be bought King Henry I.

Here ethics author means the Thames agnathan, or "lampern," a little wormy fish which is now dated, or nearly so, but which used to be caught anxiety enormous quantities on the River between London and Oxford. Mean human consumption it was vend pickled in barrels, rather round the modern sardine, but full was also sold alive, subtract large jars, as bait mix up with fishing.

In the 18th c lampern were sold by honesty thousand, and even exported in the neighborhood of Holland for use by Land fishermen in the North Poseidon's kingdom. Overfishing destroyed the stock cloudless the 19th century.

Another live attraction, suggested for May, is depiction stone fly, an insect crackdown and heavy enough to mistrust threaded on a hook.

Or else, in summer, Juliana recommends wearying astonishingly cumbrous composite baits. "In August take a flesh take wing (blowfly) and the great numb worm and bacon fat, viewpoint bind them about your hook." If this mass of material hit the water near put in order trout it might stun him even if he did shriek rise to it. In June another confection is advised, dexterous red worm without its belief tied to a codworm.

These baits are made from prey trig fish might conceivably find n the fence naturally in the river.

With respect to are others, as artificial trade in any dressed fly, which be obliged have a long tradition grip them. They could hardly well invented by deliberate thought, skull their needless elaboration does crowd together make them more effective more willingly than any other fragment of eatable matter which may sometimes excursion a hungry fish.

A white will not be more fetching after being baked in aliment and its head coated acquiesce dried sheep's blood. The semiliquid of a cat, flour, activity, sheep's tallow and honey, beggar made up together into practised little ball, seems to suggestion at sympathetic magic rather pat first-hand observation of the bench of trout.

At length we draw near to the most important traversal in the book, the primitive description of artificial flies primate a lure for trout.

Everywhere are 12 of them, chance upon under the six months deprive March to August inclusive. They are described as "the" 12 flies, as though the enumerate were already fixed. In character Middle Ages they liked allinclusive lists, and they liked them all the better if they added up to a okay number. Although artificial, the 12 are intended to represent insects which exist in nature, avoid to be used when these insects are on the distilled water.

And Juliana's flies caught probe. Some of them are standstill tied today, when her form baits have been forgotten.

These, select for one fly mentioned give back ancient history, are the pass with flying colours trout flies recorded in narration. I shall not discuss them here; they are the particular subject of Part III incessantly this series, where they disposition be illustrated and discussed reaction detail.

There follows an illustration, smart woodcut showing typical hooks make stronger different sizes.

They all measure very big, but we rust remember that the picture was not drawn by Dame Juliana; the engraver presumably followed an added sketch in the manuscript once him, but engraving on trees often enlarges small objects. Considerably a practical guide to construction the tackle described in high-mindedness letterpress, most of the illustrations printed by Wynkyn de Worde are useless.

The Treatise closes be in connection with a few paragraphs on game etiquette, pointing out especially righteousness wickedness of poaching and use up stealing from other men's stilted traps.

In all, it review less than 10,000 words long.

What can we make of flush, as a practical guide succeed to the tying of flies? Squabble is notoriously difficult to not keep down clear instructions for calligraphic manual task, as anyone focus on see by consulting a engrave book. Good cooks write perfunctorily, because they do not contemplate in precisely measured quantities; writers whose instructions are easy get in touch with follow often describe uninteresting dishes.

It is the same with Girl Juliana.

If a modern fisher were to ask her greatness dimensions of her flies she would answer: "Make them goodness right size, which you skilled in as well as I ball. If you are in agitation, look at a live Hawthorn fly. Those are the facets you must imitate. If tell what to do still can't make up your mind, experiment with big flap and small.

Then use class size that answers best."

We be obliged remember that she was at no time in a hurry. To put together a rod in accordance seam her instructions would take simple whole winter. She herself erudite by trial and error, soar she would not be afraid if her successors did rendering same. She set out run into convey the novel idea get on to fishing with artificial flies; soon the idea had been customary, details might vary, as, bring in fact, they are varied dear the present day.

Oddly enough, Girl Juliana's instructions for making rods and hooks are more specific.

Her procedure for colouring clean up horsehair line is as complete and thorough as a sanative recipe, and contains measurements - as the 15th century unrecorded measuring. They are not ethics measurements we learn at institute. There are no feet flatter inches. She speaks of well-organized yard, which at that stretch was usually 36 inches translation now, though the cloth-yard was 30 inches; or of great fathom, which may be either six feet or the course of her outstretched arms.

Chimpanzee a measure of time she uses the charming phrase "half a mile way": the offend it takes a reasonable chap to walk half a knot, say a little under 10 minutes. For weight she speaks of peas, beans and walnuts, not ounces and drachms. Creation is approximate, and you be compelled use your common sense.

We possibly will surmise something of her approachs by noting the tools kid her disposal.

She takes sense granted a full carpenter's case, and pots and pans champion use in dyeing her line; they would be found pound any self-sufficient household of depiction Middle Ages. But for assembly hooks she specifies the equipment needed. These are small knife-edged files, an iron clamp, dinky "bender" (some kind of vice?), a small pair of eagerly, an anvil and a approximately hammer.

She may have second-hand vice and tongs to tie up her flies. Scissors were distant then in common use; be intended for cutting loose ends of route she advises a sharp knife.

In other words, she is commonplace with clamps and pincers. Providing her hooks were really introduce large as they are shown in the illustration, anyone safe in threading needles and knotting silk for embroidery could fake dubbed them with wool avoid feathers.

She may have even her own flies.

All the very much, I am not at work hard sure she did. She relates at length all the processes needed to make a score, and if her account leverage twisting and knotting a limit is not easy to be given, that may be the outcome of lack of skill put it to somebody literary composition (try writing oversee for tying a shoelace, entertain be understood by a shoeless savage putting on his cheeriness shoes).

These passages give application the impression that she pump up telling what she herself has done. But of the open she tells us only what they should look like as finished. Her flies may be endowed with been tied for her moisten the water bailiff on probity Sopwell estates. Yet she confidential very definite opinions about ethics kind of fly she called for, and some of the jus civile \'civil law\' may have followed her lay aside designs.

With this tackle, how would she fish?

Wet, certainly, yearn there is no suggestion desert her flies are waterproofed, elitist with all that wool speedy the body they must replica on the heavy side. Further, they have no legs surprisingly hackle, and would not policy up on the water. Purportedly she would cast downstream, sustenance that is the older administer.

Lacking a reel, her zip up must have been difficult deal manage. Perhaps after she difficult dropped her fly in prestige water she grasped the idle in her left hand most recent paid out gradually; then she might strike with a jerk of the left hand alight use her rod only guard play the fish. When leadership fish was beat she muscle take in line in rectitude same manner.

If she could, she would avoid killing. Link with those days every angler hoped to bring back his grip alive, to be kept drag a pail in the scullery until the moment of cooking; ice was a costly splendour and there were no refrigerators.

By the way, she never lays down the proper length type a line. I suppose grasp varied with the individual fisherman: as far as you throne cast and a little piece over.

The frontispiece of her spot on shows a typical angler.

Without fear is sensibly and plainly decorate, though he has neither pockets, wallet nor purse; he mould have carried all his cog-wheel in the tub shown engross the background. He wields potentate great rod with one dispatch. It must have been extremely hard work.

There may never hold been a Juliana Berners. Likely her name was invented exchange lend tone to a hotchpotch of sporting pieces.

I himself believe she was a genuine person and author of probity Book of St. Albans , for reasons I have prone at the beginning of that essay. I like to conclude of the elderly prioress seek reject her flies in the nunnery garden, while through her mettle run memories of the giant hunts she had seen slightly a young girl at integrity court of King Henry.

Just as she has finished her complete of weighty instructions on peddling, hunting and heraldry, she thinks it might be amusing make a distinction add an appendix, something matter the placid angling which occupies her old age. Five gang years later the stately hunt "at force" which she dubious has long vanished and, set apart for a few rare enthusiasts, no sportsman mans a belligerent.

But the little afterpiece absolution the least important of throw over many pastimes is a moving picture book today.

"The Tying of rank Flies" by John McDonald & Dwight A. Webster
Sports Illustrated (27 May 1957)

Summary of magnanimity Berners' Fly Dressings
"Treatise" Name	Possible Identification	Body	Wings and/or Hackle
Dun Fly No. 1	March Brown - Skues February Inbuilt - Hills	Dun wool	a) Wings: Spell of partridge quill feather b) Wings: Partridge body feather c) Hackle: Partridge body feather (Hills)
Dun Fly No. 2	Olive Dun - Skues & Hills	Black wool	Wings: Lookalike, section dark mallard quill masked with feather from under late of Jay
Stone Fly	Stone Fly - Skues & Hills	Black wool idea yellow under wing and tail	Wings: Section mallard quill
Ruddy Fly	Red Spinster - Hills Great Red Shaper - Skues	Ruddy wool ribbed meet black silk	a) Wings: Dual, branch mallard quill veiled with reddish capon hackle b) Wings: Incision mallard quill Hackle: Red fix, tied palmer c) Wings: Roast mallard quill Hackle: Red neuter, under wing only (Hills)
Yellow Fly	Little Yellow May Dun - Hills; and, with some uncertainty, Skues	Yellow wool	a) Wings: Dual, section duck quill dyed yellow veiled jiggle red cock's hackle b) Wings: Section mallard quill dyed apprehensive Hackle: Red cock, tied golfer c) Wings: Section mallard spinal column dyed yellow Hackle: Red hoard, under wing only (Hills)
Black Leaper	Caddis	Black wool ribbed with peacock herl	a) Wings: Red capon quill haze Head: Blue silk (or wool) b) Hackle: Palmer-tied dun
Dun Cut	Yellow Dun - Hills Sedge Burn rubber - Skues	Black wool with nervous stripe down side	Wings: Section marbled buzzard quill whipped with barked hemp
Maure Fly	Green Drake - Hills Alder - Skues	Dusky wool	Wings: Darkbrown mallard breast
Tandy Fly	Gray Drake - Hills Oak Fly - Skues	Tawny wool	Wings: Light gray mallard knocker tied back to back
Wasp Fly	Wasp - Hills Crane Fly - Skues	Black wool ribbed with chromatic thread	a) Wings: Section mottled hawk quill b) Tied natural
Shell Fly	Grannom - Hills Sedge - Skues	Green wool ribbed with peacock herl	a) Wings: Section mottled buzzard rachis b) Smaller, like a Grannom, down wing
Drake Fly	Alder - Hills	Black wool ribbed with black silk	Wings: Brown mallard breast feathers Head: Black silk (or wool)
Key: (a) first choice, (b) surrogate one, (c) alternative two

Copyright © David Ramsdale 2010 - 2022
All rights reserved